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Supernatural spirits
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Exorcise evil spirits
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Earliest people to keep accurate health records.
Priests acted as physicians.
They used medicines to heal disease. -
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizure.
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Performed the first successful heart transplant.
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Discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on its known double helix. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it.
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Used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against polio.
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Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. This virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year. It seemed to attack the most active and athletic people.
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medications effective in killing bacteria.They changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly diseases.
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Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He determined that the mind and body work together. This led to an understanding of psychosomatic illness (physical illness caused by emotional conflict). His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry.
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Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria.
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Anesthesia is the loss of feeling or sensation. Before the nineteenth century, pain was serious problem. Surgery was performed on patients without anesthesia. Ether, and Chloroform were discovered. These drugs have the ability to put people into deep sleep so that they do not experience pain during surgery.
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Discovered X-rays in 1895. His discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and helped the discover what was wrong with the patient.
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Discovered the effect of medicine on disease- causing microorganisms. His treatment was affective against some micro-organisms but was not effective in killing other bacteria. His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease.
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Discovered many disease-causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. He also introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease.
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Developed asepsis. He developed a method to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery.
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Learned about Pasteur’s discovery that micro-organisms cause infection. He became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.
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Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He determined that the mind and body work together.
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Known as the “Father of Microbiology,” discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. Through his experiments and studies, he proved that microorganisms cause disease.
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Identified the cause of childbed fever (puerperal fever).
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She came from a cultured, middle-class family who opposed her interest in caring for the ill. During the Crimean war, she took 38 women to care for soldiers dying from cholera.
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Invented the stethoscope. The first stethoscope was made of wood. It increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to determine if disease was present.
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Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. His discovery saved millions of lived. His discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health.
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Discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration.
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When a patient died, students dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process. This led to a better understanding of the causes of illness and dead.
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He Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. His discovery saved millions of lives. His discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health.
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In additions, apothecaries, early pharmacies, started in this time. In medieval England, these apothecaries engaged in a flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East.
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Invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see. He scraped his teeth and found the bacteria that causes tooth decay.
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Used this knowledge to understand physi-ology, and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart.
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Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat (Eustachian tube)
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Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy.
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Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. See da Vinci’s depiction of the human body.
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The building of universities and medical schools for research.
The acceptance of dissection of the body for study.
The development of the printing press and the publishing of books. Allowing greater access to knowledge from research. -
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Diseases affecting many people at the same time. Terrible epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period.
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First to study the causes of disease and to determine that illnesses may have natural natural, rather than spiritual, causes. Dissection- Act or process of dividing taking apart. Hippocrates is considered the father of medicine.
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The primary treatment was prayer.
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because the church believed that life and death were in God’s hand, monks didn’t care how the body functioned.
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First to use primitive acupuncture therapies.
Learned to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools. Developed into the advanced practice of Chinese acupuncture. -
- The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research.
- The ability to reattach severed body parts.
- The ability to use noninvasive techniques for diagnosis.
- The advancement in caring for the unborn fetus.
- The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient
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Digitalis used for heartbeat
Quinine used for fever
Belladonna used for (GI) pain
Morphine used for severe pain