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Caused by supernatural spirits. -
Tribal doctors preformed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits.
One of thee ceremonies included an early form of trephining, where the tribal doctors would remove a parent of there cranium to exorcise demons. -
~ digitalis ~ was created from the foxglove plant and is given in pill form today, or is injected in the body to treat heart conditions.
~ Quinine ~ was created from the bark of the cinchona tree and it controls fever, and helps prevent malaria.
~ belladonna and atropine ~ this was created from the poisonous nightshade plant and this was used to relieve muscle spasms.
~ morphine ~ was created from the opium poppy and is used to treat severe pain. -
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~ health records ~ The Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records.
~ who are physicians ~ The priests acted as physicians.
~ how did they heal ~ They used medicines to heal diseases, learned the art of of splinting fractures, and treated disorders by bloodletting with the use of leeches. -
~ development of acupuncture ~ the ancient Chinese were the first to primitive acupuncture therapies. They learned how to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools. And the practice of this is still in common use today. -
~ illness cause nature vs. ~ Physicians had a noble and sacred mission, often housed in sacred temples of healing.
~ spiritual ~ they were the first to study the causes of disease and determine that illnesses may have natural , rather than spiritual causes.
~ dissection ~ during the ancient times, religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected.
~ Hippocrates ~ the father of medicine, Hippocrates, based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology on observation of the external body. -
~ sanitation systems ~ They kept rooms in their houses specifically for the ill.
~ organize medical care ~ The Roman’s were the first to organize medical care
~ hospital development ~ The beginning of hospitals and public buildings to care for the sick was established. -
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Because the church believed that life and death was in Gods hands -
The primary treatment was prayer -
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Terrible epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period. -
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~ universities ~ the renaissance period saw the rebirth of learning. During this time, new scientific progress began and there was many new developments.
~ dissection ~the acceptance of dissection of the body for study.
~ books ~ the development of the printing press and the publishing of books. -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
Gabriele Fallopius Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
Bartolommeo Eustachio Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. ( Eustachian tube ) -
William Harvey Use this knowledge to understand physiology, and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek Invented the microscope. -
Early pharmacies started in this time. In medieval England, these apothecaries engaged in a flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the east. -
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Benjamin Franklin’s discoveries affect us in many ways. His discoveries include bifocals, and he found that colds could be passed from person to person. -
Students not only attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory, but also observed patient at the bedside. When a patient died, they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process. -
Discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants, refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
Discovered a method of vaccination or smallpox. -
Invented the stethoscope. The first step the scope was made of one. Increase the ability to hear the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to determine if disease was present. -
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Identified the cause of childbed fever. -
Became a legend while she was caring for soldiers because of her dedication to nursing. -
Known as the father of microbiology. He discovered that tiny micro organisms were everywhere. -
Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope. They are called viruses. -
Learned about Pasteur s Discovery that micro organisms cause infection. He was carbolic acid on ones to kill germs that cause infection. He became the first doctor to use anti-septic during surgery. -
Developed asepsis. He knew from Listers and pastures research that germs caused infection in wounds. -
Discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed a culture plate method to identify Pathogens and also isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. -
Discovered the effective medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His treatment was effective against some microorganism, but was not effective in killing other bacteria. His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease. -
Discovered x-rays in 1895. He took the very first picture, using x-rays of his wife’s hand. -
Early physicians used herb, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve the pain of surgery. They even choked patients To cause unconsciousness to stop pain later on they use drugs. And these drugs have the ability to put people into a deep sleep, so that they do not experience pain during surgery. -
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria.Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria -
Discovered the conscious And unconscious parts of the mind. -
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medication’s effective in killing bacteria. -
Discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Used live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against this dreaded disease. -
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its own double helix. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968 -
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese, twins in performing hemisphereectomies, Surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
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The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research. -
The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient. -
The advancements in caring for the unborn fetus. -
The ability to use non-invasive techniques for diagnoses. -
The ability to reattach the severed body parts.