-
-
Used flowers for decorations,
garlands, wreaths and temple offerings
• Utilized simplistic design principles
– applied a particular pattern several times
– example: a typical design consisted of a single flower with a single bud or leaf on either side repeated as a unit -
-
Used flowers for adornment
• Continued the use of wreaths and garlands • Created the “Horn of Plenty” or Cornucopia • Are known for creating triangular and symmetrical arrangements
– consisted of one or a limited amount of colors -
The two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta, went to war with each other from 431 to 405 B.C. The Peloponnesian War marked a significant power shift in ancient Greece, favoring Sparta, and also ushered in a period of regional decline that signaled the end of what is considered the Golden Age of Ancient Greece.
-
-
Continued to use the same customs of the Greek period
– designs of their garlands, wreaths and crowns were more elaborate
• Used less graceful designs compared to the Greeks in baskets and cornucopias
• Began the use of flowers for fragrant purposes -
-
Brought together Greek and Roman Period
influences
• Began to incorporate fruit within garlands
• Placed arrangements in baskets, goblets or low containers
– example: commonly designed trees using foliage and flowers with symmetrical principles in mind -
-
Created large, symmetrical arrangements with bright colors
Click to return to European
– more naturalistic look
• Used flowers for more than religious purposes
• Introduced the Christmas wreath -
The Sengoku period (戦国時代, Sengoku Jidai, "Age of Warring States") is a period in Japanese history of near-constant civil war, social upheaval, and political intrigue from 1467 to 1615.
-
-
Also referred to as Flemish
• Created symmetrical designs, then shifted to asymmetrical designs
Click to return to European
• Marked the beginning of the Hogarth curve, or S-curve
– created by English painter, William Hogarth
• Utilized large containers with elaborate arrangements made with several different types of flowers -
-
• Created arrangements for personal
Click to return to American
adornment and decorations around the home
• Used any flower available and placed all arrangements into household containers -
-
Placed grasses, flowers and foliage into
fan-shaped arrangements
• Began to mix different floral bouquets together -
The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. Skirmishes between British troops and colonial militiamen in Lexington and Concord in April 1775 kicked off the armed conflict, and by the following summer, the rebels were waging a full-scale war for their independence.
-
-
Began to focus on the charm of an
individual flower
• Strayed away from large amounts of mixed floral bouquets
• Used fewer flowers in containers -
-
• Used foliage and grasses to contrast textures • Placed flowers in very low containers
-
The Opium Wars were two wars waged between the Qing dynasty and Western powers in the mid-19th century. The First Opium War, fought in 1839–1842 between the Qing and the United Kingdom, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the opium trade; the Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856–1860. In each war, the European forces used recently developed military technology to defeat the Qing forces.
-
The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following the Constitution Act, 1867 for the federation in Canada, by Lord Carnarvon, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa.
