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In 1663 Robert Hooke first recorded the description of living cells.
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1675 – Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa.
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Mules were first bred in America in the 1700's. They are created by breeding a horse and a donkey todether, which combines the best parts of both breeds, the intelligence of a horse and the sturdiness of a donkey.
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Edward Jenner creates the first vaccine against smallpox. He innoculates a kid with his new invention, and it turns out to be a success.
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1824 – Henri Dutrochet discovers that tissues are composed of living cells.
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Protein is first discovered, named and recorded by Gerardus Johannes Mulder and Jöns Jacob Berzelius.
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1863 – Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.
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In 1864 Antonin Prandtl invents first centrifuge to seperate cream from milk.
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1871 – Ernst Hoppe-Seyler discovers invertase, which is still used for making artificial sweeteners.
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1862 – Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.
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Louis Pasteur and Emily Roux develop the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister.
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In 1919, Karl Erkey used the word biotechnology for the first time.
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In 1928, Alexander Flemming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria; which lead to the first antiobiotics and penicilin
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1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA.
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1972 – The DNA composition of chimpanzees and gorillas is discovered to be 99% similar to that of humans.
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In 1974, Scientist invent the first biocement for industial applications.
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1975 – Method for producing monoclonal antibodies developed by Köhler and César Milstein.
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1978 – North Carolina scientists Clyde Hutchison and Marshall Edgell show it is possible to introduce specific mutations at specific sites in a DNA molecule.
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1982 – Humulin, Genentech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
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1983 – The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived.
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1990 – First federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.
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1999 – Discovery of the gene responsible for developing cystic fibrosis.
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Celera Genomics and the Human Genome Project create a draft of the human genome sequence. It is published by science and nature magazine
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In 2002, rice becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded
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The human genome project is completed, providing information on the locations and the sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes
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Japanese astronomers launch the first medical expierement module called "Kibo", to be used on the international space station.
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2009 – Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute uses modified SAN heart genes to create the first viral pacemaker in guinea pigs, now known as iSANs.
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2012 – Thirty-one-year-old Zac Vawter successfully uses a nervous system-controlled bionic leg to climb the Chicago Willis Tower.
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John Gearheart at the University of Pennsylvania reported that the use of skin cells from a man 35 and another 75 to create stem cells from cloned embryos. This develops patient -specific stem cells.
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Stem cells were taken by Tabakow, Raisman to a man who was paralyzed to repair spinal cord injury. After the stem cells were put into the man he was able to walk
