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The frankish kingdom was divided in three for each of Louis the Pious sons
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Roman empire divided in two, Western and Eastern , because the emperor decided that it was too much land to rule
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Byzantine empire was the eastern part of the roman empire when this one divided.It lasted so long thanks to trade
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Constantine,the first Christin emperor of the Roman Empire ,moved his capita from Rome to Byzantium which was then renamed, Constantinople , "City of Constantine"
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The empire fall because of political (corrupt goverment) ,religious (there was a decrease in faith of the religion) and social (there was hunger,trust issues and treason) causes.
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The Frankish EMpire became the largest empire in Europe during early medieval times
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Colvis had a remarkable career as a ruler,he overcome the last remnants of Roman authority in northern Gaul and conquered much of Germany,he was the first important germanic king to become a Roman Catholic.
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One of the gratest Byzantine emperors.He was not typical,he was borned in a poor family and married an actress,which turned out to later be great at politics.He was easygoing,polite,a listener ruler, with a great tolerance.
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After Justinian' death, political and religious arguments started and the empire began to declined
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Muhammad was the prophet of the islamic religion
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Muhammad went to a cave to pray and there,he heard a message from god ,telling him he had the mission to teach the people whowas the real god.
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Muhammad was considered a wise man,so many people and politicinas would ask invite him to go to their cities.Muhammad saw this as an opportunity to spread the religion
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One of the things West Germany was famous about, as the center of a great revival of learning
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Moors,a group of muslim people,invade the iberian peninsula crossoing the Strait of Gibraltar,bringing down the kingdom of the Visigoths
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He took total control of the kingdom and became sole ruler when the oficce of Mayor of the Palace became politically important
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It was a battle between the franks and muslims.The franks won this battle and killed the muslim leader.
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When he became mayor of the palace,he asked the pope if he should be consider the legal ruler of the franks,since Pepin held the real power but the frankish king held the oficcial authority.The pope decided in favor of Pepin and proclamed him king
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Pepin turned over to the pope a part of the territory that the Lombards had controlled.
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Charlemagne expanded frankish land into a large empire and extended the bounds of Christianity
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Charlemagne travelled to rome and on christams when he was attending church services, the pope placed a crown on his head and say "To Charles Agustus crowned of God,great and pacific Emperor of the Romans, long life and victory"
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This is a period of time where a new govermental and economic system that was based on land ownership and personal loyalty, was developed.
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Cities and towns grew rapidly thanks to three main factors, increase in trade, improved technology and the use of money. Cities became the center of literature, education and arts.
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During this period of time, the church and the pope became stronger.So much that at one point it would more power than the king or lords.People depended on the religion and Church.
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He and his amily grew stronger than his nobles ans started centralization
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One of the most powerfull dynasties in France History
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The kingdom divided in 20 small states because of internal quarrels.This caused that the christians in the north could strengthen more and could began a Crusade to regain Spain for Christedom.
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Christianism divided in two.Greek Orthodox Curch and Roman Catholic Church
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Event where William killed Harold of Wessex and became conqueror of England
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Willliam became king when he killed King Harold in the Battle of Hastings,one of the things he did in his reign was establish a strong monarchy though he didn't unified England
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The Norman dynasty consisted in 4 kings that came from the northwest region in france.It started with William the Conqueror and Henry II was the first king after that dynasty to rule.
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They won Toledo from the Moors,and the knight ,father of Alphonso I, was given land that would later become Portugal
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The Pope called a meeting with Noble Christians to organize support for the Byzantine Empire against the Turks. So the Pope urged thousands of lords and knights to become crusaders. This Crusaders would fight the Muslims and make the Middle Ages Christian again.
While the knights organized an army preachers asked peasants to join the crusade.
This crusade was not succesful -
Frankish princes and kings led an army from Constantinople to Jerusalem to kill all muslim, jewish and even Christian resident
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Thaechers and students formed groups since both Curch and civil goverment needed specially trained people to work in scholarly fields
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He gained full control of his royal lands, and put down the barons who threatend his power
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Alphonso the first declared Portugal as a separate nation from Castile,who had been ruling portugal until then.In 1143 both nations arranged peace.
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Alphonso declared Portugal as an independant country 44 years later than the king of Castille had given his father the land as a fief
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this crusade would stop the Muslim resurgence, but it was unsuccessful.
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This dynasty was founded by Williams' great grandson, Henry II.This dynasty was the one that brought England as a nation
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He did three major reformations that were important in the legal system that brough more justice and equality:Common Law,Circuit Courts and The Jury System
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He was Louis VI grandson, and he won Normandy, Anjou and other English holdings.
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He won Normandy,Anjou and other english holdings in France from King John
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In this crusade Christians failed but won the right to at least visit Jerusalem after this one was taken under control of the muslims
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John was a cruel leader,so much that his nobles rebeled against him and forced him to sign the Magna Carta that established he was not above the law
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This crusade had a complete different mission, which was to captured and sack their own government to set it up. So in 1261 the Byzantine Empire was restored. 30 years later the last crusader fortress was reconquered by the Muslims, and this marked the end of the Crusades.
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Trade flourished between the Middle East and Italian city-states since people in western europe ,especially nobility,wanted to buy pices and silks that were brought by arab traders
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Established that :
The law is above the king
The king can be fored to obey the law
There is equal justice under the law -
He set up a system of royal courts.He is remembered as a pacific and fair king,he was canonized in 1297 and was made a saint.
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He brought together Great Britain and he created the Parliament
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It was a legal body that would help the king made legal desicions.It was a base o fdemocracy
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War between France and England about territory and power.
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an bubonic plague that was cause by flees in rats and took down almost half of Europe population
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One of the main and most important battles in the Hundred years war.
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Joan went to charles and asked for an army to save Orleans.
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this battle was the watershed of the hundred years war,and was won by the frenchs
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Joan was burned at the stake,acussed of witchery.
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It was captured by the Ottoman Turks,non-Christian enemies of the Byzantines.This happened after several attemps from different armies to take over the capital
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A war between the two most powerful noble families (Lancaster and York) about who would have the power
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Ferdinand ,future king of Aragon ,married Isabella ,later queen of Castille,to join both nations and strengthend the christian goal of taking the Moors out of Spain
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Henry Tudor (Lancaster House) won the War of Roses and started a dynasty with the Heiress of York
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the reconquest succeeded and Ferdinand and Isabella conqured Granada and united Spain
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A medieval procedure forpunishing heretics or nonbelievers and they burned thousands on the stake.They would also expelled all Spanish Jews.This procedure enhanced the power of spanish crown.