History 1500-2022 By BronWat 1500 Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral officially discovers Brazil and claims the land for Portugal. 1501 Safavid dynasty rules Iran until 1736. 1503 Leonardo da Vinci begins painting the Mona Lisa and completes it three or four years later. 1509 Henry The VIII Ascends The Throne 1509 The Battle of Diu marks the beginning of Portuguese dominance of the Spice trade. 1514 The Battle of Orsha halts Muscovy's expansion into Eastern Europe. 1515 The Ottoman Empire wrests Eastern Anatolia from the Safavids after the Battle of Chaldiran. 1516 The Ottomans defeat the Mamluks and gain control of Egypt, Arabia, and the Levant. 1517 The Protestant Reformation begins when Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses in Saxony. 1519 Hernán Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Jun 30, 1519 Magellan Circumnavigates The World 1543 The Nanban trade period begins after Portuguese traders make contact with Japan. 1556 The Shaanxi Earthquake in China is history's deadliest known earthquake. 1569 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is created with the Union of Lublin which lasts until 1795. 1580 After the struggle for the throne of Portugal, the Portuguese Empire comes to an end and the Spanish and Portuguese crowns are united for 60 years. 1601 Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought. 1602 Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age. 1615 The Mughal Empire grants extensive trading rights to the British East India Company. 1618 The Thirty Years' War devastates Central Europe. 1639 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, civil wars throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England. 1640 Torture is outlawed in England. 1652 Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa. 1664 British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York. 1666 The Great Fire of London. 1692 Salem witch trials in Massachusetts. 1707 Act of Union passed merging the Scottish and the English Parliaments, thus establishing The Kingdom of Great Britain. 1715 Louis XIV died leaving France deep in debt. 1722 Kangxi Emperor of China died. 1735 The Qianlong Emperor of China oversaw a huge expansion in territory. 1740 Frederick the Great crowned King of Prussia. 1757 Battle of Plassey signaled the beginning of British rule in India. 1769 The Bengal famine of 1770 killed one third of the Indian population. Oct 23, 1776 American Revolution May 5, 1789 French Revolution 1801 The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge to form the United Kingdom. Oct 23, 1812 War Of 1812 1821 Greece becomes the first country to break away from the Ottoman Empire after the Greek War of Independence. 1834 Spanish Inquisition officially ends. 1859 The Origin of Species published. 1861 Russia abolishes serfdom. 1874 The British East India Company is dissolved. 1881 First electrical power plant and grid in Godalming, Britain. Aug 26, 1883 Krakatoa Eruption 1898 The United States gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. Jul 28, 1914 World War I Starts Oct 1, 1939 World War II Starts 1948 California Gold Rush May 22, 1960 Chile Magnitude 9.5 Earthquake 1975 End Of The Vietnam War Oct 9, 1989 Fall Of The Berlin Wall Apr 7, 1994 Rwandan Genocide Sep 11, 2001 The Attacks On The World Trade Centre and Pentagon Occur 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers land on Mars; Opportunity discovers proof that that area of Mars was once covered in water. Mar 11, 2011 Japan Magnitude 9.0 Earthquake