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-Officially elected Monarchy
-Arranged that his son be "elected"
-French monarchy becomes hereditary instead of elective -
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-Church Council announces Popes will be selected by the College of Cardinals
-Clerical Marriages declared invalid
-Clerical celibacy re-imposed -
-Gregorian Reform
-Initiates Papal primacy
-Pope is head of the church, above all other clergy
-Pope is also above nobles, Kings, and Emperors -
-Political confrontation between the Pope and Emperor
-Pope excommunicates the Emperor
-Emperor captures the Pope, but the Pope dies while in captivity -
-Conquest for Jerusalem
-Catholic holy was against Islam -
-Pronounced "verms"
-was a treaty with the Pope
-Recognized Bishops as temporal leaders as well as church leaders -
-Wife of King Louis XII of France and King Henry II of England
-Wealthy by her own right
- Mother to Richard I and John -
-Gathering of 300 Bishops and more than 600 Abbots in Rome
-Called upon by Pope Callixtus II
-Clarified the separation of spiritual and temporal affairs -
-A complete failure
-Was a response to the fall of Edessa in 1144 -
-Created the Circuit court system, case law, trial by jury and indictment jury
-Blamed and publicly punished for the murder of Thomas Beckett, the Arch Bishop of Canterbury (1118-1170) -
-Known as the Kings' Crusade
-Fought by King Richard the Lionhearted, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip Augustus of France, and Saladin
-An attempt to recapture Jerusalem -
-Brother of Richard the Lion- Heart
-Signed the Magna Carta, A charter of English liberties, created to make peace between the King and a group of rebel barons
-Created Scutage, A payment by the nobles to the Monarch in lieu of personal service -
-Pope Innocent II calls for another crusade
-Results in the sacking of Constantinople -
-Establishes reliable coinage
-Prohibits private warfare among the nobles
-Beloved by his people
