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These two epics display the cultural and religious values of the Greeks. Homer was one of the most well-known writers in the ancient Greek period, and was often admired by the Romans. These two epics tell the story of the Trojan War, and the protagonist Odysseus and Achilles displays the significance of "Glory" and the importance of gods.
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The geography of Greece caused Greeks soldiers to lear to live off the water. Because of the military training, Greeks had the navy and this was very useful in the battle of Salamis, because the war took place at the sea.
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Draco established the first written code of laws in Athens; he is often called "Lawgiver". These laws were well known for their harshness. Death was the most common punishment.
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Sophocles was one of classical Athens' three great tragic playwrights. He won his first victory at the Dionysus drama festival in 468. He wrote 123 dramas for the festival including Electra, Ajax and Antigone. His plays reflects Athenian literarily achievement, and dramatic innovation, and reveals the social values of ancient Athens.
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Euripides embodied ancient Greek drama culture. He was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Greece (the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles). Greek plays were an indication of their civic prides, they displays the culture is flourishing and literarily development.
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Like Athens; The Law of 12 Tables was one of the earliest attempts at law codes in Rome. Commission of ten men was appointed to draw up these laws to solve the conflicts between Patricians and Plebeians, and protect civil rights. These law codes reflect Roman social values and set the foundation for later fully codified law system in Rom.
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The temple exemplified the outstanding architectural techniques and artistic developments of the period. The temple was built to honour the goddess Athena; this temple reflects the Greeks' religious as well.
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This treaty was enacted by Sparta and signed between Sparta and Athens after the first Peloponnesian War. This treaty required Athens to give up its possession in Peloponnese.This treaty is important because it meant to prevent another outbreak of war.
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This Academy was the first higher learning institution in the western ancient world, and it allowed men to learn philosophy and science and become better statesmen. Plato was the teacher of Alexander the Great and one of the pivotal figures in philosophy's development.
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Cato the elder was a Roman statesman, traditionally "the virtual founder of Latin Prose literature," and known for his opposition to Hellenization. He was the first one to write his work of historiography in Latin. His writing is important for Latin oratory and historiography. Unfortunately, his only work to survive intact is the de agri cultura.
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Julius Caesar was considered the greatest military strategist and brilliant politicians in ancient Rome. He executed the reforms of the Roman government and overthrowing the existing government made him become the first dictator of Rome.
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31 BC- 284AD
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Octavian, also called Augustus, was the first Roman emperor following the republic. He destroyed the dictatorship of Julius Caesar. His regime was known as the "principate"
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Social tragedy happened in Rome. An urban fire started a summer night, the flames raged for six days and destroy a huge part of the city. Some historian suggest Nero planned the fire so he could rebuild the city. Nero himself put the responsibility on the Christians, and mercilessly crucified them.
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The death of Nero ended the infamous Juliu-Claudian dynasty. Nero killed himself in 68 AD. He is well known for the crazy art and drama festivals he organized, and for executing Christians. Nero's death was followed by the chaotic "Year of the Four emperors."
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284 AD-641AD
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Emperor Theodosius I changed the course of Christian history. He accepted a baptism during a serious illness. He used his power to enforce orthodox Christianity made it official, and placed power in the Church, which set the foundation for the Christian development in later periods.
