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After peace between religions in previous reigns, Aurangzeb causes intolerance to the Sikh people under the Mughal Empire. Due to religious intolerance, this forced many people to have to convert to Islam, increasing the Muslim population
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The economic depression along with recurring epidemics throughout China, kept Rural ppopulation growth in check.
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Even though the Korean king submitted to the Qing dynasty, officials became more self-interested and began to fight for more power. The rising of this problem in the Choson dynasty foreshadowed that recovery from the war would be slower since people of Korea were feuding against each other violently.
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The most powerful commercial city-state of Italy was Venice. Since the Ottoman Empire wanted to expand further into eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, they chose to fight Venice. Even though the battle still left Venice in control of islands that produced wealth, it eventually resulted in Venice having less military power. Venice was urged to pay tribute to the Ottomans
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In 1443, Korea developed its own system of writing. However, as Korea stated to use printing more extensively, they mainly used Chinese characters for printing from the 15th century onwards. This usage of Chinese characters highlighted the importance that Chinese writing would have on other countries, such as Korea and Japan.
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The Ottomans sent a huge fleet with 15,000 men in order to help Egypt against Christians. Even though they failed in this expedition, they still had control over the Red Sea and Persian Gulf (same result as “Ottomans send large expedition against the Portuguese”)
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For the first time since its incorporation into the Islamic caliphate in the seventh century, Iran became a truly separate country, in which Iran saw differences between their neighbors and itself.
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The Red Sea became the Ottomans' southern frontier, which encouraged the adding of territory south of the Arabian Desert by 1566.
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This event was the beginning of diplomatic contact between Europe and China and also the start of Catholic missionaries coming to China. The Ming rejected the Portugal embassy, yet Portugal still managed to trade with the East Indies. Through religion, China was introduced to science and technology.
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The power and organization that the Ottomans possessed allowed them to have balanced military (made up of cavalry archers and Janissaries) and its own court language (Osmanli).
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Suleiman the Magnificent was able to increase the Ottoman Empire's lands in the Balkans and Eastern Europe as he made the imperial system work perfectly.
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After the Ottomans conquered Belgrade, it became a significant military base. The conquering of Belgrade also led to conquest of the Kingdom of Hungary.
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The Siege of Rhodes showed the incredible determination that the Ottoman Empire had while defeating the Knights of the Hospital of St. John. Tens of thousands of men of the Ottoman Empire had died in battle, yet Suleiman carried on with the siege and eventually offered a truce due to the low numbers of Knights left in the aftermath.
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This reign was a weak point in Iran, as a result of constant raid from Turkish men. This caused the emperor after him to cause many changed to Safavid rule, which lead to military strength and peace with the Ottomans.
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This event marks the creation of one of the most notable states in India, which also connects to the remainder of Asia, especially central Asia since that is where Babur and his descendants viewed their actual origin.
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This control on India impacts the world by marking the highest point of importance of a rule, which transformed Indian culture and the religions in the area.
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When Suleiman the Magnificent laid siege to Vienna, he marked the peak of Ottoman power and contributed to the "golden age of Ottoman greatness". The first Ottoman siege of Vienna showed that Suleiman was a powerful sultan.
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Since Egypt was absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Empire chose to send a large expedition against the Portuguese. The Portuguese were trying to monopolize trade as their power grew, resulting in the Portuguese punishing those that tried to avoid the monopolies. While the Ottomans weren’t successful in their expedition, they still held control of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf (same result as “Ottomans support Egypt against Christian intruders”)
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After Portugal reaches Japan, Portugal and Japan became trade partners. Their commerce led to portuguese influence throughout Japan.
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Tokugawa Ieyasu helped Japan flourish during the postwar era. He established the Tokugawa Shogunate, which led to the creation of a new administration capital at Edo (now Tokyo).
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Ebu’s Su’ud served under Suleiman the Magnificent and Selim II as a Muslim expert and adviser with actions influenced by the Quran. The mufti could veto the sultan’s policies and since Ebu’s Su’ud often came up with answers that best suite the ruler who appointed him, he was able to have a large influence on Istanbul.
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This marks the beginning to world-wide influences on Russia, since tsar is derived from a Roman title and was usually used for the Mongols.
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Xavier caused mixed responses from the Jesuits and the Japanese, but this resulted in one daimyo handing the port city of Nagasaki to Jesuit missionaries and Japanese people becoming Christians. Some daiyo ordered their subjects to convert to Christianity too that created a rise of Japanese Christians in the early 17th century.
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Akbar’s reign creates an enormous increase in wealth and power. His rule causes peace between major religions of this region, and even affects Islamic phrases and practices throughout the world and to this day.
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Ottoman sea expansion occurred at a slower pace than land expansion. While their war technology that they used on land was advanced, it didn’t give them much of an advantage on water. When the Ottoman Empire failed, they weren’t able to control that part of the western Mediterranean.
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When Akbar had a son, he insured that future rulers would have Muslim and Hindu ancestry
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Christian forces earned a significant naval victory at the Battle of Lepanto, but the Ottoman Empire had plenty of resources and was able to replace the sunken ships. This event highlights the equipment that the Ottoman navy possessed. The loss of the Battle of Lepanto might have affected the usage of the Mediterranean Sea by the Ottoman Empire.
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This event proved the weakness of the Russian state before its peak in the 1700s. The Crimeans sacking Moscow influenced the already poor economic state of Russia and affects the world by turning Russia’s focus to other routes of expansion, exercising Russian control over other world states.
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This event affects the world by introducing a new cultural characteristic to Muslim empires and Muslim structures.
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Since so many Japanese people became Christians, the Japanese elite that opposed Christianity most likely didn’t have too much influence on its citizens. In addition, when Jesuit missionaries were able to have Nagasaki, their influence on the people of Japan grew. The Jesuits could convert those who visited the port at Nagasaki and then those people would share their Christian beliefs to other ports they traveled to.
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The conquering of this Khanate increased Russia’s political power and leads to expansion all the way into the northern region of the continent of North America. This was the extent to Russian influence in North America, but increased their over other states. This also connects Russia to Asia and influence on the continent.
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Had a large amount of economic, political, and trade growth.
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Causes inflation and other economic problems, even military problems in Iran, leading to overland trade decline and decline of the empire.
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This resulted in an ill relationship between Japan and Korea that still goes on today. Japan was focused on China that they chose to invade against Korea, yet Korea and China had previous ties already which took Japan by surprise.The Japanese gained skills from the Koreans such the production of porcelain and steel making, pottery, and lacquer.
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This event is significant because, the Chinese troops helped repel invaders, however the country was in shambles/devastated. With this event brought the 1627 invasions of Northwestern Korean by the Manchu tribes of Manchuria, to which cultural assets were discontinued or lost, and power of the central government was weakened greatly.
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This war (also known as the Imjin War) caused current tensions and bad feelings that currently are between Japan and Korea. Royal revenues in Korea fell by two-thirds, around 80% of the arable land was ruined, and 20% of the population was lost. Korea suffered financially because of the Imjin War.
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Even though the Chinese negotiated a peace with the Japanese in 1593, Hideyoshi wasn’t satisfied with the terms of the peace. His feelings towards the peace led him to invade Korea again. Many daimyo began to lose interest in defeating China because of this invasion; they became satisfied with securing a few provinces in Southern Korea instead. Since the daimyo lost determination, Hideyoshi grew exhausted with fighting the war and withdrew troops as he passed away.
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More development in categories such as gender roles, and arts (compared to Istanbul) in the capital, and was more politically important.
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The area served as a large area for his army to play polo, along with a area overlooking the plaza to receive dignitaries and review his troops, which helped the country’s military and force in war/battle.
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With Toyotomi Hideyoshi rising to power, he created upward social mobility in premodern Japanese history with his future commands and actions.
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With the arrival of the Little Ice Age comes the worsening of the Ottoman Empire's military state. More advanced weaponry had increased the cost and size of the Janissary fighting force. Consequently, revenues were redirected to the imperial treasury and inflation caused bankruptcy. Banditry occurred as well.
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With the knowledge of tobacco surfacing, it created an economic good/staple that was traded throughout the world.
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When Mongolia was restored as a regional military power, this led to the agricultural people, the Manchus, who controlled the region north of Korea to gain more power in the northeast.
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Due to the Manchus people gaining more power, this allowed the Rise of the Qing Empire.
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Though Russia had not been powerful yet, their poor status had given them the chance to expand and turn into a great power in the world.
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Wealthy merchants weakened the Tokugawa policy of controlling commerce. They had their origins by brewing sake then went into manufacturing, finance, and transportation. By the end of 1700s the merchant families held the key to future modernization and the development of heavy industry reflected in modern day society such as cars like Honda and Toyata being produced here.
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Wealthy merchants weakened the Tokugawa policy of controlling commerce. They had their origins by brewing sake then went into manufacturing, finance, and transportation. By the end of 1700s the merchant families held the key to future modernization and the development of heavy industry reflected in modern day society such as cars like Honda and Toyata being produced here.
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Rici became a significant figure in being the pillar to bring China and Europe together. He allowed for the exchange of culture between the two countries occur and his leadership as a western scholar allowed him to reside in Beijing. He also contributed to astronomy and the creation of the official calendar.
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Under Tokugawa, trade promoted the development of the Japanese economy and the formation of trading centers that makes Kyotoa an Tokyo a world wide trading center even to this day; he also gave Japan more political unity.
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This event occurred in the Choson court, in which both governments decided to establish political and cultural exchanges. This resulted in both cultures sharing ideas, while affecting the world by creating a short period of peace between the two nation.
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An increase in cheap silver from the New World resulted in inflation and bankruptcy. Since landholders no longer had their land and men of the cavalry were displaced, riots occurred.
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This rule would “consolidate its own authority while successfully competing with neighboring powers,” (page 541) which affected the world by causing periods of warfare among Russia and other groups in Europe.
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Its adherents were under suspicion that lead missionaries to leave Japan seeing that tension rose between the religion and the government whereas others worked underground.
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Christianity needed to be kept from resurfacing to the point where the Christian community in Japan was almost entirely destroyed due to suspicion about the Europeans’ intention.
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Shows acute geographical ideas spread into the Muslim world
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With this event, many cultural assets were lost, and the power of the central government was severely weakened.
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This causes overland trade through the Empire to decline, isolating Iran from world trade.
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This building was constructed as a tomb for a wife of Shah Jahan, an emperor of this empire. This building affected the world by being one of the most important pieces of culture in India and a well known structure throughout the world.
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The Japanese wanted to keep Christianity from resurfacing, so decrees and punishments were made to develop fear in people. People had to hide their religion and trade with Japan become supervised more closely such as restricting the number of Chinese ships that they were allowed to trade with.
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This event caused factioning within officials of Choson Korea. This event affects the world by Choson Korea being the “longest lasting state in East-Asian history,” (559) as this was a challenge for the state.
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Rare tulip bulbs were set at the price of 2,500 florins a piece. They went for the equivalent of 22 oxen. European items were therefore accepted and pursued by Ottoman ruling circles.
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This contact had given Russia contact with new people in their search for a new route for expansion, affecting the world by having introduced Russia to new land to exert control.
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After all of the Ming territories were conquered the Manchu family headed the Qing empire and had millitary power.
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The Little Ice Age resulted in agricultural distress and famine. This lead to uprisings and the fall of the Ming Empire.
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By changing this status among Russian people, this offset the division of social status in comparison to landowners.
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After peace between religions in previous reigns, Aurangzeb causes intolerance to the Sikh people under the Mughal Empire. Due to religious intolerance, this forced many people to have to convert to Islam, increasing the Muslim population.
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The rule of Emperor Kangxi led the Qing empire to have the greatest expansion of the Qing empire which allowed them to have more power.
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The Qing empire attacked due to being rivals for control of territory. However, this eventually lead to an alliance between the Qing and Russian.
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As the second siege of Vienna failed, the Austrians and Russians noticed the obvious signs of a weaker Ottoman Empire. Military power declined as Janissaries and sultans began to lack training.
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The treaty allowed a border along the Amur river and regulate trade across the border.
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This rule was known as the greatest Romanov rule. As a result of his rule, Russia had been introduced new weapons from other parts of Europe and Russia had become able to develop a small, yet powerful navy, connecting Russia with the Ottoman Empire and western Europe.
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This portrait detailed the great intellect that the emperor had. The emperor was described has a refined scholar with great curiosity, this allowed him to lead Qing to success.
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After the Mongolian frontier was settled, the Qing empire had more land and more power.
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After Peter the Great’s Black Sea campaign, he travels in disguise across Europe to discover how western European societies were becoming so powerful and wealthy. This changes the dispersion of Western and Eastern ideas.
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China allowed other empire to succeed due to China’s gigantic markets and advanced technologies.
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The strain on well-developed lands resulted in slower economic growth. On the other hand, the rate of economic growth was greater in remote provinces where agricultural expansion was encouraged.
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This made possible of more direct contacts between Russia and Europe.
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Due to foreign interaction through trade, many Europeans traveled to China while spreading Christianity. The emperor was against Christian converts and persecuted the christians in order to have one religion.
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Kangxi ordered the expulsion of all missionaries who refused to sign the a certificate accepting his position. This meant people didn’t have a choice about whether or not they could agree with Kangxi’s position or else they’d have to face the punishment of being expelled. Therefore, many Jesuits could’ve left the country or had been automatically expelled by Kangxi which explains a small population of Jesuits in China.
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The leader of the Forty-Seven Ronin was avenged when the Forty-Seven Ronin killed a government official (who had killed their lord) instead of committing suicide. There was also a legal debate that occurred because of this since denying the actions of the ronin would deny samurai values, yet approving the act would spark social chaos by disregarding laws against murder. This event showed the importance of honor, persistence, and loyalty in Japanese culture.
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This change for Russia causes Russia to demonstrate their sophistication from discoveries made in style of Western Europe. The capital also affects the world by increasing Russian communication with other European powers and states.
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This loss forced Russia the cease southern expansion, affecting the world by preventing over-expansion.
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Peter reduced the traditional roles of boyars in the government and the army, brought the Russian Orthodox Church more firmly under state control, built factories and foundaries to supply for the military, increased taxes, and imposed more forced labor on serfs
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A craze for high-priced tulip bulbs that swept the Ottoman ruling circles. The craze echoed a Dutch tulip mania that had begun mid-sixteenth century when the flower was introduced into Holland from Istanbul.
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This made possible of more direct contacts between Russia and Europe and made European powers recognize Russia a major power.
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The government had become so weak and commended so little support from the nomadic groups that an army of marauding Afghans was able to capture Isfahan and effectively end Safavid.
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This reign had caused the recovery of Choson Korea after the previous invasions by Japan and Manchuria. This affected the world by resulting in a new economy contributing to the world economy.
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Under Peter the Great, Russia became known as it was under authoritarian rule, reflecting Muslim empires. This ending of the rule marked the end to the peak of the Russian Empire.
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In this event, Al-Mulk establishes a state in eastern Deccan. This event is evidence of the decline of Mughal powers, affecting the world by giving more groups power to establish independence and giving European more power to intrude.
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Gala soirees that had religious aspects influenced the beginning of conservative Janissary revolts. These revolts were led by Patrona Halil. Without these riots, Patrona Halil wouldn’t have controlled the government
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The reign of Emperor Qianlong saw economic, military, and cultural achievement in China.
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This creates a spread of having naval power in Iran, though the navy was uneffective and did not prevent the fall of the empire. It also suggests that the Safavid empire had some sort of interaction with the European powers.
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Shah’s army had easily defeated the Mughals, in which would take over the Mughal capital in the aftermath of the battle.
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This event is the climax to Mughal rule. This affected their entire influence on India and movement of the empire further west.
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After taking hold of the presidency, he captures English trading centers and uses Indian princes to exert his power. This affects the world by furtherly connecting Europe with Asia in politics, rather than simply trade and the sea economy.
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Capitulations (trade agreements) led to European domination of Ottoman seaborne trade. For example, Muslim merchants trading in the Yemeni port of Mocha were charged 15 percent in duties and fees. However, European traders paid a little more than three percent because of its long-standing trade agreements with the Ottoman Empire.
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Chinese political philosophy impressed the Europeans which lead to the translation of writings that contributed to culture exchange. Europeans' admiration with China continued with one person in particular, Voltaire, viewed the Chinese to have rulership due to the fact that the Chinese didn't want to aristocratic privilege to grow. This made the Europeans want to know and want more from China to then develop great diplomatic relationship.
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Due to high populations, demand for building materials and wood increased, this lead to deforestation and other environmental problems that lead to limited commerce with other empires.
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China limits trade with Europe in order to maintain control over trade in the area.
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This land had only been a small area, reflecting the decline of this once powerful empire. This affected the world by having given Britain more power to invade and control the area, thus connecting south Asia to Europe.
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China refused to alter the Canton trading system and refused to give Britain more power in trade.
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This construction is complete two years later and had reflected Chinese and Korean constructions and intellectual advancements. This castle was known as a cultural symbol to one the highest points of Korea’s power, affecting the cultures of the world which had inspired buildings from this construction technique.
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This affects the world by making Russia have power in and over two different continents.