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The Roman capital was renamed Constantinople 330 A.D. when the Roman emperor Constantine I moved his capital there from Rome (Encylopedia Americana). As the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople became a great cultural, economic, religious, and administrative center
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Justinian did a great deal of good by establishing a number of manufactures in Constantinople. It was he who first brought silk-worms into Europe.
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The immigration (Hijra) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from Makkah (Mecca) to Medina. THhis imigration occurred as command from God when the unbelievers plotted to assassinate the prophet. This event marked the starting of the Islamic calendar that is called Hijra Islamic calendar.
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At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe.
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Catholic and Orthodox Churches of the Western and Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empires respectively split from being one church into two separate bodies.
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William the Conqueror, aka the Duke of Normandy, successfully invaded England and became King William I in 1066.
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The Battle of Manzikert occurred on August 26, 1071 between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turkish forces led by Alp Arslan, resulting in the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes.
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The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I.
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Battle of Baghdad in which Mongol forces overran Baghdad, burning the city to the ground, "killing as many as 1,000,000 citizens
