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The Byzantine Empire was centered on the capital of Constantinople and was ruled by emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman emperors after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
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Along with Judaism and Christianity, Islam is one of the three great monotheistic religions that comprise the majority of adherents in the world’s religions today. Islam means "submission," and it began in the seventh century with the revelations of the prophet Mohammad. These revelations were recorded in the Quran, which is the sacred text of Islamic faith. -
Tang Empire founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire. The dynasty was interrupted briefly by the Second Zhou Dynasty when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne,
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The split between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims is one of the most important schisms in modern religion. Things continued to diverge from there, and many caliphs that came after Abu Bakr (who did manage to become the first caliph after Muhammed) continued to be sources of conflict and disputes. The roles of imams, various religious practices and interpretations and more are also areas in which Shiites and Sunnis disagree. But as far as how the split originated and where it first arose, Muhammed's
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Paper money was initiated by merchants in the late Tang Dynasty by trading reciepts. This allowed for the merchants to carry less coins because the weight of the coins were heavy especially on long trips. In the 1120s, the government finally came and produced the world's first government-issued paper money.
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First government to issue banknotes/currency, permanent navy, use of gunpowder and compass, movable type printing, rise of Neo-Confucianism, aristrocratic to bureaucratic. Increased economic independence for merchants, therefore decreased wealth for the government. Displayed intrest in joint stock companies. Had diplomatic relationships all the way in Egypt. Trend of urban migration took place- move to the city. Relative religious freedom. Conquered by Kublai Khan and Mongols.
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The Holy Roman Empire existed in Central Europe for about a millenium.The multiethnic Empire's territorial extent varied over its history, but at its peak it encompassed the Kingdom of Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Burgundy.
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After arriving in Asia, the Turks adopted the Persian culture and language, and established a government known as the Seljuk Dynasty.
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The Norman conquest of England was the 11th century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled as William the Conqueror
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The first of the Crusades began in 1095, when armies of Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II’s plea to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land. After the First Crusade achieved its goal with the capture of Jerusalem in 1099, the invading Christians set up several Latin Christian states, even as Muslims in the region vowed to wage holy war (jihad) to regain control over the region. -
Genghis Khan came to power by uniting nomadic tribes of northeast Asia, created Mongol Empire, led mongol invasions controlling most of Eurasia, utilized aggressive military methods and obtained a fearful reputation. He promoted religious tolerance and adopted Uyghur script as official writing system.
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The Pax Mongolica was a time of peace during the reign of the Mongol Empire. It lasted from the 13th century to the 14th century. During this time, it stabilized the cultural, social, and economic life of all its inhabitants. Travelling thorughout the empire was very safe and it allowed explorers like Marco Polo to travel without a large fear of death.
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The postal system was widely used in the Mongol Empire for its efficiency. It was a system of relay stations, but this idea has been mentioned in societies even from the Classical Era. The exact date of when Genghis Khan introduced this system is unknown, but historians do know that his reign lasted from 1206 to 1227. The postal system allowed for a faster way to communicate econmic and political matters.
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There were 3 reasons why the Mongols started conquering land:
1. Ecology or environmental factors, there was a lack of sufficient grazing room for their horses
2. Trade disruptions, the Mongolia's neighbors in north and northwest China attempted to reduce the amount of trade with the Mongols.
3. Chinggis Khan's Personalmission particularly with his Shamic Beliefs. He believed that Tenggeri, the sky god of the Mongols gace him the mission of bringing the rest of the world under one sword. -
English charter, challenges monarch's authority, created by fuedal barons to limit King's powers and protect their privileges. This document was also used as a model for American political documents.
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The Ottoman dynasty, made up of the members of the House of Osman, ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, Ertuğrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan.
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The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the latter kingdom.
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In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill 1.5 million people out of an estimated total of 4 million people between 1348 and 1350. No medical knowledge existed in Medieval England to cope with the disease.
By Spring 1349 the Black Death had killed six out of every ten Londoners. -
A cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.
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Concept of movable type printing, made publications available to the masses by making production cheaper. Sparked media sector.
