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David Livingstone, a minister from Scotland, traveled with a group of Africans deep into central Africa.
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Diamonds were discovered.
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Europeans controlled only ten percent of the continent's land, mainly on the coast.
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The scramble for African territory began.
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Stanley returned to Africa and he signed treaties with local chiefs of the Congo River valley.
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14 European nations met to prevent fighting and to lay down rules for the division of Africa.
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Gold was discovered in South Africa. Diamonds along with gold increased European interest in colonizing the land.
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Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control.