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Qing Government officially restricts trade to Canton from Europe
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George Macartney visits China with the goal of convincing Emperor Qianlong to ease restrictions on trade between Geart Britain and China, and to allow Britain to have a permanant embassy in Beijing.
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The first Anglo-Chinese War between Britain and China
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The Treaty of Nanking gives Britain trading and other benefits, including Hong Kong
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A civil war in Southern China against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty
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The second Anglo-Chinese War in which British and French forces defeat China and force the Qing government to sign further unequal trades
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The 'Self Strengthening' Era', a major rise of foreign presence in 'Treaty Ports' including foreign 'concesstions' (districts with non-Chinese administration)
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France defeated China which lead to the establishment of French Indochina
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The First Sino-Japanese War, fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan, primarily over control of Korea
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Scramble by foreign powers to gain concessions (areas of control) in China
