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Jan 1, 1400
Printing Press
The Printing Press was very effective in the !5th century. Governments changed to print to announce declarations of wars, and any other information that needed to be put out. Printing helped people with their literacy and it was a way to put out information, so it was helpful in this time frame. -
Aug 3, 1492
1st Voyage of Columbus
On his first voyage, he didn't discover the Americas, but he brought new land and it got the attention on Europeans. Then many more people decided to sail the Atlantic Ocean more. On his voyage, he wanted to prove that the world was round. After his voyages, Europe discovered a link between the eastern and western hemispheres. -
Oct 31, 1517
Luther's 95 Theses
The 95 Theses were posted on a church in Germany to show what Luther wanted and belived in. The theses challenged the teachings of the Catholic church and the uses of indulgences. By posting these theses, it was a starting point of the Protestant Reformation. Luther was therefore a heritic and was excommunicated from the chruch. -
Jan 1, 1520
Luther's 3 Pamphlets
1, The Address to the Nobility of the German Nation- German princes overthrow papacy and a reformed German church
2. Babylonian Captivity of the Church- Pope and church held the real meaning of the Gospel captive
3. On the Freedom of Christian Man- Salvation doctrine.
*They all brought Luther closer in the breaking of the Caholic church. -
Jan 1, 1524
German Peasants' War
Many peasants in Germany were dissatisfied becasue they were not touched in the 16th century which made them mad. Some local lords continued to abuse their peasants, but others demanded for taxes. In 1525, the Peasants' War was over, leaving Luther more focused on the reformation of the church. -
Nov 1, 1534
Act of Supremacy( England)
The Act of Supremacy was that the king was now the only supreme head of the church of England (King Henry VIII). This means the English monacrch controls the church. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was a major turning point for Reformation history. There was a division of Christianity, and Lutherism granted equal legal standing with Catholicism. The peace agreement accepted the right to each German ruler to determine the religion of his subjects. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a disaster. The Spanish fleat set sail, had neither the ships or troops Phillip had planned to send. English and Spanish fought and the Spanish ws defeated and it guareteed England would remain and Protestant country. -
Edict of Nantes
This edict acknowledged Catholicism as the religion of France, but guarenteed Hugenots to worship in selected places and they could have some towns for protection. Hugenots could enjoy all political privileges The edict did it out of political necessity, not out of conviction. -
Peace of Westphalia
This treaty was impotant because it benifited a lot of people in the end. What the trwaty did: ended Thirty Year's War; confliccts over religious faith were gone; independent authority of German princes; Habsburg emperors' powers were limited, but the Holy Roman Empire was still a federation; independence of United Provinces in Netherlands; and papacy could participate in German religious affairs. These were the main impacts of the Peace of Westphalia. -
English Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was to overthrow an absolute monarchy and replace it with a constitutional monarchy. James II was trying to get rid of the absolute monarchy ways brought by his brother, Charles II. The English invited William of Orange to overthrow James II and take the crown. In the end, James II was driven out and William of Orange was crowned William III of Great Britain. The overthrowing of aboslute monarchy and the new constitutional monarchy was known as the Glorious Revolution. -
Peace of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht concluded the war of the Spanish Succession and put an end to French expansion and the rise of the Britain Empire. The most important impact was the ending of the Spanish succession and that went down in European History. -
Fall of Bastille
The kings attempt to take defensive measures by increasing the number of troups at the arsenals and it inflamed the public. Bastille was a state prison too. The Fall of Bastille was a great victory and was a symbol of triumph over despotism. The Fall of Bastille had saved the National Assembly. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution lasted for ten years (1789-1799) and had many outcomes. The outcomes were the rise of Napolean Bonaparte, radical social change and many more. The causes of the Revolution were the features of the Regime, disagreements with King Louis XVI, and the rise of Enlightened ideas. -
Napoleon's Downfall (Waterloo)
Beginning in 1812, Napoleon encountered many defeats and he was exiled to an island called Elba and escaped France and made a new regime. In the Battle of Waterloo, Prussians attacked and Napoleon left the field and many men were killed in that battle. The British sent him to St. Helena were he settled and died.
