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Oct 20, 1485
Background and the Tudor's history with Parliament
King only called Parliament to raise taxes. James I was Catholic leaning. -
Elizabeth I dies and the Stuarts take the throne
Elizabeth left a huge debt for her successor to deal with. -
Charles I inherits the throne
James I died, so Charles I, his son, took the throne. Charles always needed money, in part because he was at warwith both Spain and France. -
Parliament forces Charles to sign the Petition to Right
Parliament refused to grant him any money until he signed a document that is known as the Petition of Right. In this pettion, the king agreed to four points. -
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Charles forced to call Parliament again; Long Parliament begins
Parliament passed laws to limit royal power. Charles tried to arrest Parliament's leaders in January 1642, but they escaped. A mob of Londoners raged outside th palace. Charles fled London and raised an army in the north of England, where people were loyal to him. -
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The English Civil War; Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
Those who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalists or Cavaliers. Puritan supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads. In 1644 the Puritans found a general who coud win--- Oliver Cromwell. In 1645 Cromwell's New Model Army began defeating the Cavaliers. In 1647, the Puritans held the king prisoner. In 1649, Cromwell and the Puritans brought Charles to trial for treason against Parliament -
Execution of Charles I; establishment of The Commonwealth
Charles was guilty for treason against Parliament so he was executed. -
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The Puritan Society of the Commonwealth
Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658. Shortly after, the government he established collapsed, and a new Parliament was selected. Parliament voted to ask the older son of Charles I to rule England. The reign of Charles II began. -
Irish exiled to the “west” of Ireland
The Irish exiled to the "west" of Ireland. -
Cromwell takes title of “Lord Protector”
Cromwell sent home the remaining members of Parliament. Cromwell became a military dictator -
Cromwell dies; Charles II invited back to England, restores monarchy in England
Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658. The government he had established collapsed, and a new Parliament was selected. -
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James II inherits throne; clashes with Parliament
Charles II died, so James II became king. James soon offended his subjects by displaying his Cathocism. He appointed several Catholics to high office. When Parliament protested, he dissolved it. -
Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights
James fled to France. This bloodless overthrow of King James II is called the Glorious Revolution. Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights to make the limits of royal power clear. -
Impact and future effects of the English Civil War on other nations
England had become not an absolute but a constitutional monarchy