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The point of this book that Montesquieu wrote was a proposal that separtation of powers was the way distribute a government. This would help prevent any person or group of gaining to much power of government.
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The second Continental Congress caused the Declaration of Indepence written by Thomas Jefferson. This document stated the multiple abuses of King George III. The colonists wanted "natural rights".
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After King Louis heavily taxed the third estate (poor) and was a weak leader, the French citizens were tired of Old Regime so they overthrew the government bringing them into the Reign of Terror.
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After Napoleon returned from Egypt, he took control of the directory and took sudden power as dictator of France. A sudden siege of power is called a Coup.
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In the Notre Dame Catherdral in Paris, Napoleon, dressed in a robe of purple velvet, took the crown from the pope and placed it on his head showing that he had more power than the church.
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100,000 enslaved Africans revolted and were victories. Youssaint L'Ouverture was the leader after and freed all slaves.
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Hidalgo rallied citizens and called for a rebellion. 80,000 men showed up to fight and ended up defeating the unprepared Spanish army.
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After escaping from Elba, Napoleon attempted to attack the British army and split them up, then he would defeat the Russians all at Waterloo. But his plans didn't work out. The British help there ground and defeated Napoleon with the help of Russians.