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This amendment abolished slavery or involuntary servitude unless it was due to a crime. This was necessary following the Civil War in order to truly end slavery because the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery. -
This amendment guaranteed equal protection of the law for all citizens, allowed due process of law, and established the rights of citizens. The 14th Amendment is one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
The rights of citizens to vote shall not be denied by the account of race, color, or previous slavery. This was nullified later by Southern state governments during Reconstruction. -
Institute created by Booker T. Washington, who taught African Americans job skills, such as carpentry, printing, brick making, and home economics that would help them in the field. This allowed African Americans to gain room in the socioeconomic ladder and allowed them to integrate into the culture. -
This was a Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation by the "separate, but equal" doctrine. Jim Crow laws and public accommodations continued to exist and expand by attacking race. -
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was a group created in order to respond to the ongoing violence towards black people. This was the largest civil rights organization in the nation and pushed for multiple reforms. -
This amendment gave women the right to vote and allowed Congress to put whatever legislation needed to ensure that there is no discrimination in the voting process by sex. This was the culmination of many years fighting for women's suffrage. -
President Harry S. Truman enacted this order that stated that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed forces with no discrimination based on race or sex. This allowed more African Americans and women to join to help the army. -
This pivotal Supreme Court decision that ruled that separating children in public schools by race was unconstitutional and overruled the "separate, but equal" principle that was created by Plessy v Ferguson. This was tested in the Little Rock 9 as they were enrolled into school and was upheld by the national guard and federal troops. -
A civil rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery to protest against segregated seating. This is the first large-scale demonstration against segregation. -
Another civil rights organization that helped stage the Montgomery Bus Boycott and was founded by many pertinent leaders, such as Martin Luther King Jr. Part of the Big Five organizations that were at the forefront of civil rights. -
A group of 9 black students enrolled into an all-white school. National guard and federal troops were sent to escort them and prevent discrimination against them. This drew national attention to the civil rights movement and tested the Brown v Board of Education landmark ruling. -
Legislation that established a commission and division of the Department of Justice in order to investigate civil rights violations. This also authorized prosecution for those who did violate civil rights. -
A group of civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into segregated parts of the South. this was to challenge the lack of federal enforcement of the Supreme Court decision of unconstitutional, segregated buses. -
A letter by Martin Luther King Junior to respond to eight white clergy leaders, who were religious leaders at the time and criticized his nonviolent approach. the letter fought for racial equality and social justice in the law. -
An inspiration speech by MLK Jr during the March on Washington that taught that all people are created equal and that people must fight for the future of their children. This helped inspire more movements that brought equality in the future. -
This amendment prohibited poll taxes from being instituted in any primary election. This was one of the last steps needed to take before everyone could vote without discrimination. -
This act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This was fairly successful as it quickly ended Jim Crow laws and secured African American rights to equal access. -
A revolutionary organization that fought for similar rights that other activists fought for, but also had an ideology of black nationalism, socialism, and self-defense. They were different than other activists because they were willing to take violence if needed. -
This was a proposed amendment that would guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens, regardless of sex. Sought to end legal distinction in divorce, property, and employment. However, it failed to pass because not enough states ratified it.