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Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
Black Codes
After the Civil War from 1865-1866, Black Codes were passed to restrict freed blacks’ activity and ensure their availability as a labor force now that slavery had been abolished. -
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Sharecropping/ Teneant Farming
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14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Sharecropping/ Teneant Farming
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. (1865-1877) -
Lynching
A punishment by an informal group. Usually public and most times the punishments were hanging people. -
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Lynching
A punishment by an informal group. Usually public and most times the punishments were hanging people. -
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that enforced racial segregation in Southern states. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the white car on the East Louisiana Railroad. The case was tried, and made it up to the US Supreme Court. Plessy's lawyer argued that the segregation violated the 13th and 14th amendments. After the case, the new "Seperate but equal" law went into effect. -
Thurgood Marshall
Lawyer
Argued and won Brown v. Board of Education
Worked for NAACP
1st African American Supreme Court Justice
Established a record for supporting thr voiceless American. -
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Thurgood Marshall
Lawyer
Argued and won Brown v. Board of Education
Worked for NAACP
1st African American Supreme Court Justice
Established a record for supporting thr voicelessAmerican. -
Orvall Faubus
Governor of Arkansas.
Best known for his stand in the desegregation of Little Rock High School where he ordered Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from entering thr school.
President Eisenhower sent thr U.S. Army to escort the studentd to and from school for a year. -
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Orvall Faubus
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Rosa Parks
Worked for the NAACP.
Heard about Claudette Colvin and was inspired to do the same thing as her.
NAACP thought she would be a better figure head since she was oder, worked for them, and was not pregnant.
Worked closely with MLKJr. in thr Montgomery Boycotts. -
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Rosa Parks
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Hector P. Garcia
Founder of the American GI Forum. -
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Hector P. Garcia
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Lester Maddox
Governor of Georgia.
Former restaurant owner who refused to serve blacks.
Ran for governor though he had not held a public office before.
Segregationist- however he oversaw many improvements to black employment rights as governor. -
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Lester Maddox
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George Wallace
Governor of Alabama.
Ran for U.S. President 4 times.
Pro-Segregationist.
"I say segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever." -
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George Wallace
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19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. -
Betty Friedan
Writer, feminist and women's rights activist Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique and co-founded the National Organization for Women. -
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Betty Friedan
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Cesar Chavez
"Union leader and labor organizer Cesar Chavez dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay and working conditions for farm workers." -
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Cesar Chavez
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Martin Luther King Jr.
Leader of the Civil Rights Movement
Advocated nonviolent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for blacks including desegregation in all public facilities and life.
Preacher
Was arrested for protesting Assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray- his death sparked race riots all over America. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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20th Amendment
"The 20th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the President and Vice President from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3. It also has provisions that determine what is to be done when there is no President-elect." -
Federal Housing Authority
It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Desegregation
"Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States." -
Brown V Board of Education
Supreme Court Case that declared the separation of black and white chilf=dren in schools is unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Event in which African Ameicans boycotted the Mongomery busses. They walked, or got rides from friends instead of sitting on the bus. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and one of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr., emerged as a prominent national leader of the American civil rights movement in the wake of the action. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Civil Rights Acto of 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Act marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights. -
Sit-Ins
Form of Non-violent protests. " Four African American college students walked up to a whites-only lunch counter at the local WOOLWORTH'S store in Greensboro, North Carolina, and asked for coffee. When service was refused, the students sat patiently. Despite threats and intimidation, the students sat quietly and waited to be served. The civil rights sit-in was born." -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action policies are those in which an institution or organization actively engages in efforts to improve opportunities for historically excluded groups in American society. -
Upward Bound
"Upward Bound is a national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class." -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibited any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
"Piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public." -
Head Start
"The Head Start Program is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families." -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
"Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States." -
Non-violent Protests
"is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, or other methods, without using violence." -
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Non-Violent Protets
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26th Amendment
The 26th Amendment of the US Constitution changed a portion of the 14th Amendment. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
Title IX
Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity
