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14th Amendment
The 14 Amendment grants citizenship to all people born in the US. It was passed in 1868. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment granted voting rights to African American men in 1870. -
Jim Crow Laws
From the 1880s into the 1960s, a majority of American states enforced segregation through "Jim Crow" laws (so called after a black character in minstrel shows). From Delaware to California, and from North Dakota to Texas, many states (and cities, too) could impose legal punishments on people for consorting with members of another race. The most common types of laws forbade intermarriage and ordered business owners and public institutions to keep their black and white clientele separated. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the nation's oldest and largest civil rights organization. organization composed mainly of American blacks, but with many white members, whose goal is the end of racial discrimination and segregation. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1919. -
LULAC
League of United Latin American Citizens was a system that offers assistance to Hispanic Americans with regards to matters involving civil rights. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall had one of the most recognizable names and faces of the civil rights movement in America. He gained everlasting fame as the first African-American justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
She lobbied for one civil rights initiative after another. She fought hard for legislation against lynching and lent her presence and support to the NAACP's art exhibit on the problem. She challenged the segregation ordninance when at a convention in Birmingham in 1938. -
Hector P Garcia
As a major influence in national twentieth-century civil rights reform, García effectively operated between Anglo and Mexican American sociopolitical structures. -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
The Delgado v. Bastrop ISD was a landmark case in Texas that dealt with racial segregation in1948. Delgado won this case, and segreated schools. -
Rosa Parks
The final straw came December 1st, 1955 as Rosa rode the bus home from her job at the Montgomery Fair Department Store. A white man came in and she was told to stand up. She refused and was arrested. This started the Civil Rights Movement -
Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement was when African Americans were trying to gain their rights. They went on protest and did sit-ins. They had many ways to try and gain their rights. This all happend between 1955 and 1965. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. -
Orval Faubus
In 1957, Governor Faubus deployed National Guardsmen to block Supreme Court-ordered school integration. Ultimately, President Dwight Eisenhower used federal authority to force Faubus to comply with the desegregation orders. Interestingly, in a Gallup Poll administered in 1958, Americans chose Faubus as one of their "ten most admired men." -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan is a leader of the feminist (women's rights) movement, author of The Feminine Mystique, and a founding member of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She helped spark the women's movement in the 1960s. -
Non-Violent Protest
Non-Violent Protest was when the African Americans would protest against their rights with protest that was not violent. Examples of non-violent protest, are sit-ins and boycotts. -
Militant Protant
During the middle and late 1960s, African American leadership spoke increasingly of the limits of political successes, of the absence of accompanying economic change, and of the relationship between racial problems at home and affairs in which the United States was engaged abroad. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, grew out of both public protest and private political negotiation. This all started from African Americans by the way they were treated iduring everything, -
George Wallace
In June 1963, Wallace blocked the enrollment of African American students at the University of Alabama. Similar actions in Birmingham, Huntsville and Mobile made him a national figure and one of the country's leading figures against the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King told one journalist in 1963 that Wallace was "perhaps the most dangerous racist in America today." -
March on Washington
The 1963 March on Washington attracted an estimated 250,000 people for a peaceful demonstration to promote Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. Participants walked down Constitution and Independence avenues, then — 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation was signed -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 differed from earlier attempts to address minority rights by focusing on ending discrimination in the work place. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment was passed to prevent voting discrimination against the poor by outlawing poll taxes in 1964 -
Dolores Huerta
Dolores Huerta became involved in a community group supporting farm workers which merged with the AFL-CIO's Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). Dolores Huerta served as secretary-treasurer of the AWOC. She formed with him the Farm Workers Association, which eventually became the United Farm Workers (UFW). -
Cesar Chavez
A major turning point came in September 1965 when the fledgling Farm Workers Association voted to join a strike that had been initiated by Filipino farm workers in Delano's grape fields. Within months Chavez and his union became nationally known. Chavez's drawing on the imagery of the civil rights movement, his insistence on nonviolence, his reliance on volunteers from urban universities and religious organizations -
Lyndon Johnson
It was Johnson who put the presidential signature to the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Johnson however, due to political expediency, was forced to vote with his fellow Southern Democrats in Congress, against civil rights measures such as banning lynching, eliminating poll taxes and denying federal funding to segregated schools, measures which later would make up ground breaking legislation. -
Head Start
Head Start is a U.S. federal program that provides education and social services to low-income three- to five-year-old children and their families, that began in 1965 -
Medicare
Medicare was one of the most important points in the Great Society programs. It was created to offset the costs of health care for the nation's elderly in 1965 -
Black Panthers
The Black Panther Party was a progressive political organization that stood in the vanguard of the most powerful movement for social change in America since the Revolution of 1776 and the Civil War. The Party's ideals and activities were so radical, it was at one time assailed by FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover as "the greatest threat to the internal security of the United States." -
The National Organization for Women
The National Organization for Women was an activist organization that was founded in 1966, that promotes equal rights for women. NOW was established by a small group of feminists who were dedicated to actively challenging sex discrimination in all areas of American society but particularly in employment. -
25th Amendment
The 25th Amendment stated In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President in 1967 -
Martin Luther King Jr.
King was the leader of the civil-rights movement in America from the Mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. King promoted non-violent means to achieve civil-rights reform and was awarded the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. -
Edgewood ISD v Kirby
The Edgewood ISD v Kirby was a landmark case in Texas, that redistributed property taxes to poorer districts, led to Robin Hood legislation, in 1968 -
Great Society
Great Society was a set of demostic programs that included Medicare, Head Start, Upward Bound. -
American Indian Movement
The American Indian Movement began in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the summer of 1968. Frustrated by discrimination and decades of federal Indian policy, they came together to discuss the critical issues restraining them and to take control over their own destiny -
Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Sotomayor is known for being the first Hispanic justice nominee on the United States Supreme Court. -
26th Amendment
The 26th Amendment was passed due to the fact that citizens were being drafted into the military at the age of 18, but were not allowed to vote, in 1971 -
Barbara Jordan
She was the first black woman elected to the Texas state senate and the first black Texan in Congress. As a member of the House Judiciary Committee, she gave the influential opening speech of Richard Nixon's 1974 impeachment hearings. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is one of the most effective tools for redressing the injustices caused by our nation's historic discrimination against people of color and women, and for leveling what has long been an uneven playing field. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The Brown v. Board of Education successfully overturned the Plessey v. Ferguson decision by applying that “separate is inherently unequal", in 1998
