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An event that was orchestrated by Constantine. This Council, which convened in 325, met for the particular purpose of discussing Arianism, a heresy which espoused that Jesus is of different essence than God. At the Council, Arius presented his views, and Athanasius presented the opposing viewpoint, arguing that Jesus is of the same essence with God. The Arian position was deemed heretical by the Council, and Arius and his disciples were expelled.
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Many historians suggest that Pope Leo is the first to claim universal jurisdiction over the worldwide Church, thus intiating the rise of the papacy, a uniquely Roman Catholic structure.
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The first occasion of an institutional devision within Christianity, as those who did not adhere to the conclusions of the Council separated.
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Major event that devided West church and East Church. Though the Eastern and Western branches of the Church had long been divided over theological, cultural, linguistic, and ecclesiological disputes, the separation was formalized in 1054, thus creating the first large-scale division within Christendom.
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The Crusades kept all Europe in a chaos for two centuries, The Crusades contributed to increase the wealth of the Church and the power of the Papacy. Therefore the prominent part which the Popes took in the enterprises naturally fostered their authority and influence.
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As Crusade start. The Roman Catholic Church experienced a reformation through the ranks of monasticism.As a response to the rise of the "bourgeoisie" or the city people with money who were involved in commerce, cities grew, and new monastic orders arose. The most important were the Franciscans and Dominicans. They supported themselves through begging.
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Great cathedrals arose at this time and the papacy reached the height of its power and prestige, most notably in the papacy of Innocent III.
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Before Renaissance, Catholic Church was an important part of the society system that was based on the allegiances between lords and normal people, but during the renaissance, the demands of society changed based on money instead of allegiances. Thus Church had a hard time adjusting to this new system of thinking.
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The Hundred Years' Of War created a important gap between France and england. Nationalism replaced loyalty to the church. The pope, moved to France during the Papal Schism.
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Defence of Orthodox spirituality by Gregory Palamas. Hesychasm affected on Catholic Church. Hesychasm means sliency, calm, placid, meaning in Eastern Catholic, it is how they pray internally.
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the plague killed between one-third and one-half of Europe’s population. This began to illustrate the frivolous nature of the leaders in the institutionalized church whose concerns were not on matters of Christ but on self-gain. People had to look outside the institution of the church to find hope in God.
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During a dreadful plague in 1259, common folk of Europe took up the idea. God was angry at the world. Something had to be done to turn away his wrath. Gangs of men gathered to flog themselves for their own sins and the sins of the world. Stripped to the waist they marched in processions, sometimes numbering ten thousand penitents, whipping themselves until they bled. When religious authorities opposed the movement, it died out in 1261, only to rear its head in uglier forms later.
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The seat of the papacy moved from Rome to Avignon on the French border (1309-1377). The "Great Western Schism" occurred at this time with two and sometimes three popes claiming the papacy (1378-1423). The movement that brought the Church back to one pope was the movement where councils met and made decisions. During this time, the popes began to pay more attention to building beautiful palaces and making war on Italian potentates than on the spiritual life.
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Joan of Arc got burned on a stake, its reason is purely political. She had led the French successfully against England and the England, having captured her, wanted her dead. But they needed a handy excuse. So they trumped up charges of witchcraft, because she claimed to have heard voices. She claimed they were angels. The charges naturally claimed they were devils.
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As Columbus landed on America, he discoverd new world and absorbed a lot of things but not only absorption happened, he also spread the cultural feautre, Catholicism. Which is one of the very important history of Catholic.
