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Saul was a tax collecter who discriminated against Jews/Christians. When Saul encountered Jesus on the road to Damascus, he was stuck down by a light and temporarily blinded. This converted him to Christianity as he believed he had saw Jesus.
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The first persecution of Christians organised by the Roman government took place under the emperor Nero in 64 CE after the Great Fire of Rome.
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Constantine faced Western Roman Emperor Maxentius at the Tiber River's Mulvian Bridge in 312 CE. According to the fourth-century historian and bishop Eusebius of Caesarea, Constantine before his battle saw a flaming cross in the sky bearing the words "in this sign thou shalt conquer.
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The Great Schism (also know as the East-West Schism or the Schism of 1054 CE) was the division of communion between what are now the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, which has lasted since the 11th century.
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The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
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Second Vatican Council which was the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church (1962–65) was announced by Pope John XXIII on Jan. 25, 1959, as a means of spiritual renewal for the church and as an occasion for Christians separated from Rome to join in search for reunion.