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China was torn by a civil war between the forces of Communists leader Mao Zedong and Nationalist leader Jiang Kai-Shek.
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The peoples republic of China was established and Jiang and fled to the island of Taiwan.
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Mao Zedong gained control of the country and claimed it as the peoples republic of China.
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The Great Leap Forward was Mao's attempt to modernise China's economy so that by 1988, China would have an economy that rivalled America.
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The cultural revolution is the name given to Mao's attempt to reassert his beliefs in China. It had a massive impact on China from 1965 to 1968.
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Mao Zedong was the founder of modern China and is still regarded by the Chinese as one of their great leaders.
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Demonstrators, mainly students, had occupied the square for seven weeks, refusing to move until their demands for democratic reform were met. Tanks came through the square and randomly fired many unarmed protesters (demonstrators).