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100
Julius Caesar
JULIUS CAESAR: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In 60 B.C., a military leader named Julius Caesar
joined forces with Crassus and Pompey. Thanks to them, Caesar was elected consul in 59 B.C. He was a strong leader and a great military strategist. He served only one year as consul, then appointed himself governor of Gaul. His successes in Gaul made him very popular in Rome. He helped the poor by creating jobs for them and won his men’s loyalty. -
247
Hannibal
Hannibal Barca
In 264 B.C., Rome and Carthage went to war that was the beginning of the Punic Wars. The brain behind this war was a 29-year-old Carthaginian general named Hannibal. He was a talented military strategist who was loyal to Carthage. He wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat. However he committed suicide when the Roman agents came for him in
Bithynia. -
300
Aqueducts
Roman Aqueduct and Modern
The aqueducts were designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns. The arches supported the aqueducts and it was also combined to build spectacular structures, such as the Colosseum. Many lasted into the Middle Ages and some are still used today. -
313
End to the Persecution of Christians
Constantine the Great
In A.D. 313, Constantine announced an end to the persecution of Christians. He even declared Christianity to be one of the religions in the Edict of Milan. With his help Christianity continued to gain strength. Then in 380, the emperor Theodosius made it the empire’s official religion. -
330
Constantinople
Constantinople
The center of power in the empire shifted from Rome to the east with Byzantium as its capital. Soon the new capital stood protected by massive walls modeled after those in Rome. The city eventually took a new name called Constantinople or the city of Constantine. After Constantine’s death, the empire would be divided once again. The East would still be there, however the West would fall. -
406
Attila
ATTILA THE HUN BIOGRAPHY
In 444, a powerful chieftain named Attila let the Huns, who were indirectly responsible for the Germanic assault on the empire to unite. With his soldiers, he scared both sides of the empire. Also he would attack in the east and led the Huns to the West. When Attila’s forces advanced against Rome, famine and disease e kept them from conquering. He later dies in 453. -
Dec 14, 753
Rome’s Geography
Ancient Rome Geography
Rome was built on seven rolling hills at a curve on the
Tiber River. It is near the center of the Italian peninsula and was midway between the Alps and Italy’s southern tip. Rome also was near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea. -
Period: to
Classical Rome
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Jesus of Nazareth
Jesus Christ The Son of God
Jesus is a Jew who was born in the town of Bethlehem in Judea. At the age of 30, Jesus began his public ministry. then for the next three years, he preached, taught, did good works, and performed many miracles. His teachings contained many Jewish traditions and the principles of the Ten Commandments. He taught that God truly loved us and that He will end wickedness and establish an eternal kingdom after death. -
Apostles
Twelve apostles of Jesus
Apostles are those 12 men who followed Jesus and are His disciples or pupils. Some of the Gospels are thought to have been written by some of these apostles. They spread Jesus's teachings to all nations. -
Pax Romana
A Peaceful Time for Rome
Pax Romana was a period of Roman Peace that began with Augustus' Reign as first emperor. For 207 years, peace
reigned throughout the empire. During this time, trade increased rapidly. This Period of prosperity ended with Augustus' death in A.D. 14. -
Augustus
Augustus (63 BC - AD 14)
After Caesar’s death, Caesar’s 18-year-old grandnephew and
adopted son Octavian later on becomes the unchallenged ruler of Rome and accepts the title of Augustus or “exalted
one.” At first he joined with Mark Antony and Lepidus. However jealousy and violence ended their alliance. Augustus later comes to Egypt to kill Mark Antony and is wife Queen Cleopatra. Augustus wins and they drank poison. -
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil is a poet who is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. He spent 10 years writing Aeneid, the most famous work of his. It was a work of Latin literature and was written in praise of Rome and Roman virtues, after the Greek epics of Homer. -
Pompeii (Mount Vesuvius Erupts)
Mount Vesuvius
In A.D. 79, a mountain nearby called the Mount Vesuvius erupted and covering Pompeii in a thick layer of ash. This killed about 2,000 residents. Thanks to the ashes fallen on top of the city, it helped to preserve many buildings and works of art. It helped us understand their way of life then. -
Republic
The Roman Republic
A republic is a form of government in which the citizens have the power or the right to vote for their leaders. In Rome, only the free-born male citizens can vote. The Romans established a republic because the last king of Rome, Tarquin the Proud was a harsh tyrant. That is why they removed him from power . Then declared that Rome would never be ruled by
a king again. -
Diocletian
The Emperor Diocletian (284-305)
A strong-willed army leader named Diocletian became the new emperor. He also began to re-establish partial balance and peace in the Empire. Most importantly, he divided the empire into the Greek-speaking East (Greece, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt) and the Latin-speaking West (Italy, Gaul, Britain, and Spain). He took the east and appointed a co-ruler for the West.
