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5th Cent – warfare between Byzantine & Persian Empires• Interrupted overland trade routes from E. Asia• Trade in spices, Chinese silks, Indian cottons shifted to sea routes connecting India w/ Arabia & Red Sea• Overland caravans carried goods up W. coast of Arabian Penin.• Cities & towns developed near wells along caravan routes• Mecca one of most important of these cities
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Born 570
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Rise of Islam Video• 7th Century (600s)• Islam arose on Arabian Peninsula
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622 AD - Moh flees to Medina (event is the “Hegira”) – marks starting point of Muslim calendar
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Spread of IslamWithin 100 yrs, Islamic caliphates controlled:• Middle East• North Africa• Spain
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7th cent – new religion emerged here: Islam“Islam” is Arabic for “submission”Within 100 yrs, Islam grew to control area larger than Roman Emp.
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Crusades• 12th cent – Muslims engage in war w/ Christians over control of Holy Land• 1099 – Christians capture Jerusalem• Muslims later retake it under leader/warrior Saladin (1137-1193)