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The Franks were united in what is present day France. Thier leader was Clovis who brought christianity to his people.
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The Normans and Saxons fought in this battle. Hastings changed the course of English history.
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Lay investure was a ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials. Pope Gregory VII is the person who banned lay investure.
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Henry IV called Pope Gregory "not pope, but false monk" because this the Pope excommunicated Henry. Henry then trekked over the snowy Alps to the Italian town Canossa, and begged for the Pope's forgiveness, which he was given.
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The Crusades, or "holy war", were fought to gain control of the Holy Land, Jerusaslem.
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The First Crusade was when the Christiaans caputured Jerusalem.
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The Concordat of Worms was made because Gregory and Henry's successors continued to fight over lay investure after it was banned. It's terms stated that the Church alone could grant a bishop is ring and staff, but the emperor had the power to veto to prevent the appointment of a bishop.
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The seven German princes realized they needed a strong leader, they chose Frederick as thier king.
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The battle of Legnano was fought in the wars of Guelphs and Ghibellines.
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Frederick made peace with the Pope. He then returned to Germany.
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Frederick drowned. After he drowned his empire dissolved into fragmental feudal states.
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Constantinople was looted during this Crusade.
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The Magna Carta, or Great Charter, was forced upon John Softsword. The document guaranteed basic political right to all citizens.
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Edward I needed to raise taxes for a war against he French, so he brought two burghesses from every borough and two knights from every countyto serve as a Parliament, or legislative group.
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The Divine Comedy was a writing written by Dante Alighieri. It was written using Vernacular.
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This war was fought between Englan and France. The war started because England claimed they owned France, but France disagreed.
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The Bubonice plague, or Black Death, was a disease that broke out in Europe. It was a very deadly disease and wiped out entire towns and villages.
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The Great Schism was a split in the church when three popes were claiming they ruled the church. All three popes were forced the resign. A new pope was later appointed ending the Great Schism.
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She was considered a Saint and a heretic. She was tried for witch craft and herecy because of her voice that she spoke of.
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He was now connected to God directly since the Pope crowned him.
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The vikings made their first raid on Europe. They struck Portland, England.
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