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The Taiping Rebellion spread throught southern China.Part of a eligious movement .This invovement of regional armies began the move away from centralized control,which would result in the WARLORD ERA
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The political weakness of the Manchu dynasty intensified with th edeath of the Emperor and the succession of tow-year-old boy,Pu Yi.The former Emperor's brother, Prince Chun,ruled a regent,but was not capable of conducting the essential programme of reform.
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Revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty ,the new Republic was created
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In an attempt to seize the political initiative,delegates from the independent provinces gathered in Nanjig to declare the creation of a Chinese Republic.
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Sun agreed for Yuan Shikai to be President of the new republic,in exchange for the end of the Manchu rule in China.
12 February Pu Yi abdicated. -
Sun's Party reformed as the Guomindang (GMD),and declared itself a parliamentary party
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Military dictator from 1912 until 1915
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Sun attempted to undetermined Yuan's power by moving him from his power base in Beijing to the south in Nanjing to set up a new government.So The 'second revolution? failed and Sun had to flee to japan
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Yuan's final miscalculation was to proclaim himself Emperor.At this point he lost the support of military and satood down .He died 3 moths later.
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After the abdications and death of Yuan,
China lost the only figure that had maintained some degree of unity.So China broke up into small states and provinces each one controlled by a warlord and his private army.The Warolord period increased the sense of humiliation and coupled with their desire to get rid of foreing influnce . -
Sun attempted to set up a republic in Guangzhou.
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Two political movements developed in response to both the warlords and foreign influence in China.Students and intellectuals led this movement.It was dedicated to change and the rebirth of China as a proud and independent nation.Chinese were inspired by the GMD nationalist party, which had grown much stronger during the warlord period.Communist and nationalist come together in an alliance
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The Chinese Communist Party was formed
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GMD and the CCp wanted to unify China , They agrred that the fist step was to get rid of the warlords and the formed th First United Front
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After the death of Sun, a general took over leadership of the GMD,General Jiang Jieshi.
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Jiang now determined to act on the first of the three principles and attempt to unify China .So together the communist and the GMD set out on the 'Nothern Expedition to crush the warlords of central and northern China.
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The northern Expediton was a success ,the GMD and the communists had captures Hangzhou,Shangai and Nanjing
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CCp was very nearly crushed by he end of 1927
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Jiang expelled all communist from the GMD and his attacks on the communists reaches a peak in Shangai in he White Terror .
A powerful workers army under Zhou Enlai had proved very effective during the Northern Expedition and Jiang turned on them and 5,000 communist were shot. -
Jiang has control of Beijing,declares Chinna now united.GmD now Turns against the communist.
