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Political Weakness and the influence of of foreign powers.
European imperialist powers humiliated and exploited China caused by the destabilization of China’s ruling Manchu regime. China was forced to sign unequal treaties that gave the imperialist powers control over Chinese trade, territory and sovereignty. Taiping Rebellion spread through southern China, which would result in the Warlord Era. Finally China lost more territory to Japan when it was part of the settlement in the Russo-Japanese War. -
The Overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty.
China was in a desperate condition, so political weakness of the Manchu dynasty increased with the death of the Emperor and the succession of a two-year-old boy, Pu Yi. The ruling dynasty was overthrown in a revolution (Double Tenth). A republic was created and The revolution began when the government lost control of the military soldiers. Finally the ndependent provinces in Nanjing declared the creation of a Chinese Republic.
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The Rule of Yuan Shikai
China became a disctatorship and issues of the revolution remained unresolved, therefore regionalism was under the control of Yuan, China remained divided. However since count with the support of military strenghts he started to abolished assemblies. Then there was a lot of bad decisions until he lost the military power and finally h retired frfom power. -
Political Weakness: Regionalism.
With the death of Yuan, China lost his own figure creating an imbalance in it. China become divide into provinces and each one was controlled by one Warlord and with his own army. -
The May Fourth
Students led a mass demonstration in Beijing against the warlords, traditional Chinese Culture, and the Japanese, the movement was with the only purpose of rebirth China. However the hostility was caused by the Versailles settlement which gave to Japan Germaniy's conseccions in Shadong province. -
Communists and Nationalists
The GMD made progress toward their Three Principles, though they rely on alliences with warlords due to their weakness of their military power. Then Jiang Jeishi joined the GMD however soviets thought believed they could made good relations with a Nationalist China, however another revolutionary party emerged (CCP). -
The First United Front
The GMD and CCP wanted a unified China, and their first deal was to get rid of the warlords.Both parties agreed that China needed to be free of foreign imperialist powers. However Jian was an anti-communist and began his leadership by removing communists from key positions in the party. -
Northern Expedition.
The main objective was to crush the warlords of central and nothern China, and by 1927 the GMD and Communists had captured Hangzhou, Shangai and Nanjing. By 1928 the GMD and CCP had destroyed the total power of warlords, and the GMD announces that was the new legitimate government of China, the new capital and seat of government would be Nanjing. -
Shangai Massacre
China was not unified, war against Warlords was over and idelology divide into two parties. Jiang decide he won't tolerate the communists anymore, so he finally decided to attacked the CCP in order to do a purification movement in which they massacred communists, trade unionists and peasants. -
GMD attacks the CCP
The GMD persecuted the communists, the CCP was to weak so the communists decide to hide into the mountains of Jiangsi in order to survive of the persecution.
