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China had lost the war with Japan in 1895, and lost land to Japan in the Russo-Japanese settlement
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There was a widespread and popular anti-Western feeling, which started the Boxer Rebellion in 1899, but without modern weaponry, any anti-foreign revolt was futile.
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In 1911, the dynasty was overthrown in a revolution known as the Double Tenth and a republic was created
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The GMD were a regional power when Shikai refused, and the republicans were not ready to face resistance from Yuan
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China had joined the Allies in a "rebirth" as an independent nation inspired by the Bolshevik revolution in 1917
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A key cause of the civil war in china was the increasing lack of unity in the country by the second decade of the 20 century these take to the division of china and the begining of the warlords.
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the struggle between these two forces which officially started in 1927 was interrupted by the outbreak of the sino japenense war
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Jiang now expelled all communists from the GMD and his attacks on the communists reached a peak in Shanghai in the White Terror in April 1927
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Lisan was dismissed from leadership in January 1931
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The Fifth Encirclement Campaign saw a force of 800,000 men, air cover and artillery, as a result of German advice.
