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Period: Jan 1, 1321 to Oct 30, 1517
Causes of the Protestant Reformation
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Oct 17, 1321
Dante's Divine Comedy (Religious, Social, Intellectual
This major lyrical masterpiece, was the direct confliction with many Catholic ideals, making it an inspiration to many Reformist Christians. Shows issues in society and religion, gives a sort of wake up call to many people. Usually signifies the start of the Renaissance, making the most important social change of all time. Creates a new way of thinking, pretty much invents the Humanistic ideal without defining it. -
Oct 17, 1414
Johannes Gutenburg: the Printing Press (Social, Technological)
This invention of the Renaissance era helps the ideas of Luther and many other Reformers spread across Europe and makes them "famous over night" -
Jan 1, 1433
Cosimo de' Medici and the banks (Social, Economical)
Creates the bank of Italy and makes it possible for more regular people to advance in wealth and status. Gives the people of Rome more secure and regulated wealth. In response, the Italian major cities become more wealthy and grow in size due to a Economic boom. -
Oct 19, 1469
Ferdinand and Isabella unite Spain under Catholicism (Political, Religious)
Spain is finally a huge power do to the unification of Spain with their marriage. This shows the will of countries to become powerful simply because of a common religion. Spain becomes one of the biggest empires in the world, advancing farmland and obvious strength. -
Mar 31, 1492
Edict of Expulsion (Religious, Political, Social)
Spain decrees that the only religion to be practiced in Spain is Catholicism. The Jews are removed by free will or force, this shows that the former religious tolerence is being cast out, and religion can only be that of the state you are part of. -
Aug 3, 1492
Spanish Discovery of the Americas (Political, Economic)
Christopher Columbus discovers the Americas and insists that is India. This discovery helps the Spanish become the Economical and Political power in Europe for a period. Helps Spain aquire new resources to make them one of the richest countries in the world. -
Oct 17, 1509
Erasmus and The Praise of Folly (Social)
This major humanist novel had ideals of the reformation, such as not following the Catholic church, and praise in the individual. Advances secularism and makes changes the social order in making people think seperatly. -
Oct 17, 1513
Machiavelli's The Prince (Political, Intellectual)
This pre-Reformation literary work set standards of how a leader should act and what he should do. This novel was read by many who wanted to gain power and may have affected some leaders of the period. The novel's main point was that as a leader the ends justify the means. -
Oct 31, 1517
95 Theses
Martin Luther, a frustrated catholic, nails his 95 theses or critisms of the catholic chruch to the All-Saints church in Wittenburg, German. This is important to signify the new thought of what religion is and starts a major age of religious interpretation. Creates the age of the Reformation -
Period: Oct 31, 1517 to
Reactions to the Protestant Reformation
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Oct 17, 1524
German Peasant's War (Social)
A war between the rich class and the poor peasant's breaks out due to the slipping of power in the peasant class and to the religous reaction to the want for a reformed church. -
Oct 17, 1524
Wars of Religion (Religion)
(starting date) These wars which were directly in response to the changing religions of countries. If it weren't for the Reformation these bloody scrapes would have never happened. No acceptance of different religion causes these arguements, -
Oct 11, 1531
Battle of Kappel (religious)
A bloody skirmish in Switzerland between the Protestant and Catholic canton's. Zurich's Prosteant troop's supported by Zwingli fall to the Catholic power. One more battle for the hate between Protestant religions and Catholics. -
Oct 17, 1534
The creation of Calvanism
John Calvin realizes his thoughts of religion differ from Luther and creates his own sect of the Christian faith. This futher seperates the tie between religions and creates many disagreements between countries -
Nov 1, 1534
Acts of Supremacy (Religious)
KIng Henry VIII creates his own church, so he may earn an annalment from his marriage to Catherine of Aragon due to not producing him an heir. This church becomes the Church of England and stays that way until the Mary changes it to Catholicism. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg (religious)
The document signed by an Alliance of Lutheran princes, saying that each State in the Holy Roman Empire would individually choose if they were to be Lutheran or Catholic. Advances rights for the people, gives an almost religious freedom. -
Period: Oct 17, 1562 to
French Wars of Religion
Wars waged mostly between the Hugenots and Catholics of the French Empire. -
Period: Oct 17, 1568 to
80 Years War (Religious, Political)
After a long a tiresome War Philip II loses in the Nothern Countries (Netherlands) and William of Orange creates the Republic of Seven United Netherlands. Proir to the war the Spanish maintained a strict Catholic rule of the country but many small denominations spark up in the Seven Nations and gain power, thus causing the Spanish to try and oust the Reformed churches the Nations fight back. -
Aug 18, 1572
St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre (Political, Religious)
An event during the French Wars of Religion where the Hugenots (French Calvanists), went to Paris and killed as many catholics as possible during the marraige of the King's Sister Margaret and Henry III of Navarre ( Protestant). -
Edict of Nantes
This Edict granted the Hugenots of France substantial rights, including being able to practice their religion publically. This signifies the Catholic loss in France -
Period: to
30 Years War
When the King of Bohemia, Matthais, died that the only heir to the throne was Ferdinand a Catholic. So the Defenestartion of Prague ( where Protestants siezed Ferdinand's representative and threw them out of the window of the palace). This event sparked a major War between the Protestants and Catholics of the Holy Roman Empire.
This most obviously is a response to the Reformation, showing a general dislike and violence toward the Reformed churches.
