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Constantine rebuilds the ancient civilization of Byzantium and named it Constantinople. He moved the Roman capital to the east of Rome. The east half lasted 1000 years longer than the west. -
Following Justinian's coronation, riots and fire raced through the city, destroying the majority of it. They built the Hagia Sophia while restoring the city, making it greater than it had ever been. The Byzantine army then reclaimed territory lost to the western section of the Roman Empire in North Africa, Italy, and the Southern Iberian Peninsula.
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Muslims gradually took control of much of the region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. -
Icons are forbidden by the Emperor. The Pope then expresses his displeasure with the Icons' prohibition. As a result, violent battles erupt within the Empire. There will be resentment between the two segments of the church as a result of this.
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In 976, Basil became Emperor and fought the Bulgars at Kleidon, earning him the nickname "The Bulgar Slayer." He died in 1025, at the age of 65, while preparing for an invasion of Sicily, after defeating them in 1018.
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The Crusades were a series of religious conflicts sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, particularly those in the Eastern Mediterranean, with the goal of liberating Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Islamic authority, reclaiming Christian territory, and protecting Christian pilgrims. The Crusades had a significant impact on Western culture. They allowed trade and travel to resume in the Mediterranean.
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The Ottomans assault Constantinople while Mehmet II is emperor, eventually taking possession of the city after a two-month war. The city was taken over by Muslims. The city was thereafter renamed Istanbul, and the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque.