-
The first Opium War
The First Opium War, also known as the Opium War or the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between Britain and the Qing dynasty of China. -
The Treaty of Nanking
The Treaty of Nanking is signed (1842), ending the First Opium War, China’s first war with Great Britain.
The unequal treaty forces China to pay large sums of money to Great Britain and also guarantees Britain
extraterritoriality, meaning that any British citizen in China is subject only to British, not Chinese, laws. -
second Opium War
second Opium War (1856–60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Great Britain and France against China. -
china's loss
1884–1885
China is defeated in war with France, resulting in the loss of Vietnam, China’s major protectorate in the south. -
The First People’s
The First People’s Republic of China is proclaimed; fall of the Manchu Qing dynasty (founded in 1644) -
Britain leave China
The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, commonly known as the handover of Hong Kong (or simply the Handover, also the Return in mainland China), occurred at midnight at the start of 1 July 1997, when the United Kingdom returned sovereignty over the British Dependent Territory of Hong Kong to China.