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Holy War between Christians and Muslims. Christians were unsuccessful in capturing Holy Land. Extended trade routes.
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Followed a strict code of ethics known as Bushido. Samurais were required to be courageous, honorable, obedient, and loyal. Collected heads to get a higher status.
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Rebirth of classical works from Romans and Greeks. Brought compelling art from amazing artists. Started in Italy.
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War between French and English. Started 1337 and ended 1453. France was free of English invaders, resumed being dominant state of Western Europe.
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Started because of trade. Rats carried fleas and passed it onto humans. People thought it was a punishment from God.
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Was believed to be the best sailor in the world. Commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa. Most of the things he bought from his voyages were burnt.
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Was captured trying to attack the Burgundian camp at Margny north of Compiegne and got captured. Her resumption of male military clothing was labeled a relapse into heresy for cross-dressing. Burned her body 3 times and dumped the ashes into the Seine River.
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Used movable print. Made it easier for everybody to get a book. First book to be printed was the Bible.
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Was the capture of the capital of Byzantine Empire by invading Ottoman army on May 29, 1453. Was led by 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II. Defeated emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos, ending 53-day siege that began April 6, 1453.
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Exchanged crops, animals and diseases. Between the Americas, West Africa, and Old World. Reason why many Native Americans died.
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Italian explorer who stumbled upon the Americas on accident. Thought he landed in India. Marked the beginning of exploration to the Americas. Landed on one of the Bahamian islands.
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Half-length portrait painting by Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. Thought to be a portrait of of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Gicondo. Most valuable painting in the world.
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Broke away from Catholic Church to make Church of England. Wanted to get divorced from first wife but pope didn't allow it. Beheaded most of his wives because they didn't give him a son.
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An Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. Was part of the Renaissance movement. Sistine chapel was a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art.
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16th-century political treatise by Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli. "Rule with an iron fist." General theme of accepting that the aims of princes - such as glory and survival - can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends.
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Ottomans won against the Safavids over control of Anatolia. Ottomans had weapons and cannons. Safavids had bow and arrows.
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Started the Reformation. Ridiculed the Catholic Church. Got excommunicated for writing it.
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Ruled the Ottoman Empire for 46 years. Became the 10th sultan of the Empire in 1520. Was responsible for transforming the army and judicial system.
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Cortez took their emperor hostage. Montezuma is injured and killed by his own people. Disease helped ravage their empire.
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Succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. First actions of Queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, where she became the Supreme Governor. After her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forged a sense of national identity.
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A result of the Protestant Reformation. If you didn't convert to Catholic, then you were killed. Council of Trent was created during this time.
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Devastated much of West Africa because of wars. Got of a lot of businesses rich in the Americas. 10% of the Africans captured died.
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An English poet, playwright, and actor who is regarded as both the greatest writer in English language and world's pre-eminent dramatist. Died April 23, 1616. Best-selling fiction artist of all time.
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Commissioned by Mughal emperor, Shan Jahan. Home of his favorite wife's tomb, Mumtaz Mahal. Believed to be completed in 1653.
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Refused to kowtow to in presence of Qianlong Emperor. Got kicked out. His embassy is historic because it marked a miss opportunity for the Chinese to open trade with Europe, plaguing the Qing dynasty.
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Two armed conflicts in China in mid-19th century between forces of Western countries and Qing dynasty. Conflicts marks the start of the era of unequal treaties. There were 2, the first one between China and Britain and the second one between Britain and France against China.
