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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades
It is a Holy War. It was a war between Christians and Muslims. Pope Urban ll asked for mercenary troops from the West to help confront the Turkish threat. The Crusades set the stage for several religious knightly military orders. Including Knights Templar, Teutonic Knights, and Hospitallers. -
1300
The Start of the Renaissance
Renaissance which means rebirth. Included realization of humanism. Italy was divided up into a number of powerful city-states. Giotto was a painter who strayed away from Byzantine paintings. Painters started painting using perspective. -
Period: Nov 7, 1337 to 1453
Hundred Years' War
The war was fought between England and France. It was actually 116 years. The kings of England wanted independent possession. The French possessing financial and military resources. England claimed the crown of France in 1337. -
1347
The Start of the Black Death
The Black Death was thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Black Death killed about 30-60% of Europe's population. It spreads through contact with a person or the germs of just being around them. It was mainly spread through rats and fleas. People died within 7 days of being in contact with the plague. -
Period: 1400 to 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World. The most significant immediate impact of the Columbian exchange was the cultural exchanges and the transfer of people between continents. The new contact between the global population circulated a wide variety of crops and live stock, which supported increases in population. Europeans suffered from many diseases from the Americas. -
May 30, 1431
John of Arc Burned At The Stake
She was only 19 years old when burned. Believed that God had chosen her to lead France into it's long running war with England. Known as Maid of Orléans and considered one of history's greatest saints. Endured the French unity and nationalism. She was captured at one point by Anglo- Burgundian Forces. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
He used moveable metal letters. He first published the Bible. It allowed more people access to literature. He helped inspire the Reformation. He made buying books and printing books cheap. -
Apr 6, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
Was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman empire on 29 May 1453. The capture of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire. After the conquest, Sultan Mehmed II transferred the capital of the Ottoman Empire from Edrine to Constantinople. It was also the watershed moment in military history. This marked the end of the Middle Ages. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 as a court for the detection of heretics, although its true purpose remains somewhat obscure. While most historians point to a combination of political, ecumenic, and religious motives. Spanish Inquisition was the post-crusade feelings against heretics. The pope tried to rid Europe of all people who were against Catholic teachings. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
On Augus 3, 1492, Colubus set sail from Palos, Spain, with three small ships. The Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Niña. On October 12, the expedition sighted land, also known as the Bahamas. They went ashore the same day claiming it for Spain. He never set foot in North America. He had four separate trips in which he never touched North America. -
Period: 1500 to
Slave Trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave trader of enslaved African people. Mainly from Africa to the Americas. Then they were sold in the Americas to do labor. The slave trade used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage. It existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. -
1503
Mona Lisa Completed
One of the most valued paintings in the world. Leonardo de Vinci was the artist who painted it. It took about 4 years to paint the Mona Lisa. Was painted during the Renaissance. It has said to be painted for Francesco del Giocondo. The painting hold the highest Guinness World Record for the highest insurance. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
Was named by Pope Sixtus IV. Michelangelo was hired by Pope Julius II. The piece included several scenes from the Old Testament. He painted monumental figures that embody both strength and beauty. Michelangelo wrote a poem about how unpleasant painting the Sistine Chapel was. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
Best known for his six wives. Annulled his marriage with Catherine of Argon. He had 8 kids. One boy named Prince Edward took reign at age 9 and then died at age 15. After Edward died Jane Seymour took reign she soon died and then Mary, Henry's first daughter took reign. -
1513
"The Prince"
Was written by Machiavelli. Sometimes claimed to be one of the first works of modern philosophy. In direct conflict with the domain Catholic and scholastic doctrines of the time concerning politics and ethics. It is relatively short the treaties is the most remembered of Machiavelli's works. In terms of subject matter it over laps the much longer ' Discourses of Livy', which was written a few years later. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther Post 95 Theses
Penned a document attacking Catholic Church's corrupt practice of indulgences to absolve sin. This sparked the Protestant Reformation. His writing changed the course of religious and cultural history. 95 Theses were a list of questions and propositions for debate. He also attacked not only the church itself but the pope as well. -
1519
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Hernan Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire. The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs in 1521, led by Hernando Cortes. This was a landmark victory for the European settlers. Following the Spanish arrival in Mexico, a huge battle erupted between Cortes and the Aztec people under the rule of Montezuma. Invaders led by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes overthrew the Aztecs by force and captured Tenochtitlan in 1521. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth's Reign
Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, or Gloriana, Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Noleyn, his second wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth. From the start of Elizabeth's reign, it was expected that she would marry and the question arose to whom. Although she received many offers for her hand, she never married. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
Roman Catholicism's response to the Protestant Reformation. Christians openly criticized the Roman Catholic Church for teaching contrary to the Bible. This was an era of strict conformity and accompanying terror. New groups were founded or created. Pope Paul III brought the Council of Trent. -
Period: Jan 16, 1547 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
Despite calamities triggered by the Great Fire of 1547, the early part of Ivan's reign was one of peaceful reforms and modernization. By Ivan's order in 1533 the Moscow Print Yard was established the first printing press. In 1581 Ivan beat his pregnant daughter-in-law for wearing immodest clothing, and this may have caused a miscarriage. Ivan was known as mentally unstable but still s good monarch, his days were terrible in the last couple years of his reign. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg, 1555, temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. The Peace of Augsburg, was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League on September 25,1555, in the city of augsburg. The Peace of Augsburg caused religious wars to stop for at least a period. -
Spanish Armada
In hopes of invasion crushed, the remnants of the Spanish Armada began a long and difficult journey back to Spain. In the late 1580s, English raids against Spanish commerce and Queen Elizabeth I's support of the Dutch rebels in the Spanish. Netherlands led King Philip II of Spain to plan the conquest of England. Worst of all, England was a Protestant nation. Philip's plan was that an armada of 130 ships would sail to the Netherlands, to pick up more of the Spanish army and invade England. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes, signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France. Granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, or Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time. On October 18,1685, Louis XIV formally revoked the Edict of Nantes. Deprived the French Protestants of all religious and civil liberties. Within a few years, more than 400,000 persecuted Huguenots emigrated. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
The philosophies of Buddism and Zen, and to the lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching, because it offered a process to calm one's mind. They later made up the ruling military class that eventually became the highest ranking social cast of the Edo Period. But their main weapon and symbol was the sword. Confucian in nature, bushido stressed concepts such as loyalty to one's master, self discipline, and other respect. -
William Shakespeare's Death
23 April 1616, his 52nd birthday William Shakespeare died. He was an English poet, playwright, and actor. Regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres. -
Petition of Rights
The Petition of Right is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. Passed on 7 June 1628, the Petition contains restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and the use of martial law. Following disputes between Parliament and King Charles I over the execution of the Thirty Years' War. -
King Charles the First Executed
Charles I was monarch of three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland rom 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father, King James I. In 1648, Charles was forced to appear before a high court controlled by his enemies. Where he was tried for treason and was soon executed. -
Lord George McCartney Expelled
Lord George McCartney was a British statesman, colonial administrator, and diplomat. The goals of the mission included the opening of the new ports for British trade in China. The establishment of a permanent embassy in Beijing. The cession of a small island for British use along China's coast. The relaxation of trade restrictions on British merchants in Guangzhou. -
Period: to
Opium War
Two wars that involved the Chinese and Europe, over the trade in China. It weakened the Qing Dynasty. Also forced China to trade with other parts of the world. The Chinese were trading tea and silk for silver. It ended with a treaty known as the unequal treaty.
