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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are fought
The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought between Christians and muslims over control of the Holy land. By the end of the 11th century, Western Europe had emerged as a significant power in its own right. Though it still lagged behind other Mediterranean civilizations. Such as that of the Byzantine Empire and the islamic Empire if the middle East and North Africa. -
1337
100 Year War Begins
The name Hundred Years' War has been used by historians since the beginning of the nineteenth century to describe the long conflict that pitted the kings and kingdoms of France and England against teacher other. Theoretically, the french kings, possessing the financial and military resources of the most populous and powerful state in western Europe. However, the expeditionary English army, well disciplined and successfully using their longbows to stop cavalry charges. -
1347
Black Death Begins in Europe
The black death arrived in Europe by sea in 1347 when 12 Genoese trading ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina after a long journey through the Black sea. The people who gathered on the docks to greet the ships were met with a horrifying surprise. Most of the sailers aboard the ships were dead, and those who were still alive were gravely ill. They were overcome with fever, unable to keep food down and delirious from pain. Strangest of all they were covered in mysterious black boils. -
1350
Renaissance Begins
Renaissance witch means rebirth, period in European civilization immediately following the the Middle Ages and conventionally held to have been characterized by surge of interest in classical scholarship and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of the new continents.The substitution of the of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy. The decline of the feudal system and growth of commerce, and the invention of paper and printing. -
1430
Johannes Gutenberg printing press
Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith, and businessman from the mining town of Mainz in southern Germany, borrowed money to invent a technology that changed the world of printing. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press with replaceable/ moveable wooden or mental letters in 1436. This method of printing can can be credited not only for a revolution in the production of books but also for fostering rapid development in the sciences,marts, and religion through the transmission of texts. -
1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the stake
Joan of Arc, a peasant girl living in medieval France, believed that God had chosen her to lead France to victory in its long-running war with England. With no military training, Joan convinced the embattled crown prince Charles of valois to allow her to lead a French army to the besieged city of Orleans, where it achieved a momentous victory over the English and their French allies, the Burgundians. Joan was captured by anglo- Burgundian forces, tried for witchcraft and burned at the stake. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
After ten centuries of wars, defeats, and victories, the Byzantine Empire came to end when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in May 1453. The city fall sent shock waves throughout Christendom. It is widely quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages. By the mid-fifteenth century the Byzantine Empire had long been in decline, but it remained an important bastion of Christian Europe facing Muslim Asia. -
1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, or the spanish Inquisition, was established in 1478 under the reign of Ferdinand II of aragon and his wife labella I one culture. It may be the most remembered, but other inquisitions had existed since the 12th century, designed to combat religious sectarianism. The Medieval Inquisition, for example, was developed by the roman Catholic church to suppress heresy. -
Period: 1491 to 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
King Henry VIII of England was born in Greenwich on June 28, 1491. In 1511 Henry joined the alliance known as the holy league with Spain, Venice, and the holy Roman Empire to curb French aggression in Italy. Henry led an invasion of France in 1513,and his armies captured the cities of Tournai and Therouanne. While abroad, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, defeated the scots at the battle of Flooded . In 1515, Henry named cardinal Thomas Wolsey his lord Chancellor. -
1498
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World1
Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sets foot on the American mainland for the first time, at the Paria Peninsula in present day Venezuela . Thinking it and island, he christened it Isla Santa and claimed it for Spain. Columbus was born in Genoa Italy in 1451.Little is known of his early life, but he worked as a seaman and then a sailing entrepreneur. he became obsessed with the possibility of pioneering a western sea rout via Egypt and the red sea wa closed to Europeans by the Ottoman Empire. -
1507
Mona Lisa completed
Historians agree that Leonardo commenced the painting of mona lisa in 1503, working on it for approximately four years and keeping it himself for some years after. supposedly this was because Mona Lisa was Leonardos favorite painting and he was loathe to part with it, however it may also have been because because the painting was unfinished. Whatever the reason, much later it was sold to the king of France for four thousand gold crowns. The world has talked about it ever since. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel is on elf the most famous painted spaces in the world, and virtually all of this fame comes from the breathtaking painting of its ceiling from about 1508-1512. Originally the ceiling was painted blue and covered with golden stars. the walls were adorned with frescoes by different artists, such as Pietro Perugino, who painted Christ delivering the keys to St. Peter there in 1482. in 1508 Pope Julius hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the chapel. -
1514
Martin luther post 95 theses
Martin Luther on to become one of western history's most significant figures. In 1517 Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Church's corrupt practice of selling "indulgences" to absolve sin. HIS "95 Theses" witch propounded two central beliefs that th bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their by their faith and no try their deeds was to spark the Protestant Reformation. -
1521
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Conquistador, or conqueror, best remembered for conquering the Aztec empire in 1521 and claiming Mexico for Spain. He also helped colonize Cuba and became a governor of New Spain. "Like many explorers we know about today, Hernan Cortes role in the Age of Exploration was influential but controversial," said Erika Cosme, Administrative coordinator of Education and Digital Services at The Mariner Museum and Park in Newport News, Virginia. -
Period: 1526 to
Slave Trade
From the 17th century the 19th century, almost twelve million Africans were brought to the New World against their will to perform back-breaking labor under terrible conditions. The births slave trade was eventually abolished in 1807( although illegal slave trading would continue for decades after that) after years of debate, in which supporters of the trade claimed that it was not inhumane, that they were acting in the slaves benefit, etc. -
Period: 1530 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
In 1547, Ivan Iv, archduke of Moscow, crowns himself Tsar of Russia and sets about reclaiming lost Russian territory. In scenes of his coronation,his wedding to Anastasia, his campaign against the Tartars in Kazan, his illness when all think he will die, recovery, campaigns against the Tartars in Kazan, his illness when all think he will die, recovery, campaigns in the Baltic and Crimea, Self -imposed exile in Alexandrov, and the chief among them are his aunt. -
Period: 1533 to
Queen Elizabeths Reign
Elizabeth I (also known as Elizabeth the great, or the "Virgin Queen") was born in 1533 into a dangerous world of political intrigue. When she was only two years old, her father, King Henry Vlll killed her mother, Ann Boleyn, because she had not yet produced a male heir. Henry's routine killing of her successive stepmothers every few years traumatized Elizabeth, who loved her father. Although Henry finally did father a son, Edward, who loved her father. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg, 1555, temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. Each prince was to determine wether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. Dissenters were allowed to emigrate, and the free cities were obligated to allow both Catholic and Lutherans to practice their religions. Calvinists and other were ignored. Under a provision termed the ecclesiastic reservation, the archbishops, bishops, and abbots. -
Spanish Armada
Off the cost of Gravelines, France ,Spain's so-called "Invincible Armada" is defeated by an english naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake. After eight hours of furious fighting, a change in wind direction prompted the Spanish to break off from the battle and retreat toward the North Sea. Its Hopes of invasion crushed, the remnants of the Spanish Armada Began a long and difficult journey back to Spain. -
Edict of Nantes
Edict of Nantes, French Edit De Nantes, law promulgated at Nantes in Brittany on April 13, 1598, by Henry IV of France, which granted a large measure of religious liberty to his Protestant subject, the Huguenots. The edict was accompanied by Henry IV's own conversion from Huguenot Calbinism to Roman Catholicism and brought and end to the violent Was of Religion that began in 1562. -
William Shakes
William shakespeare died on 23 April 1616,his 52nd birthday. In truth, the exact date of Shakespeares death is not known, but assumed from a record of his burial two days later, 25 April 161, at Holy Trinity Church. Stratford Upon Avon,where his grave remains. When Shakespeare retired from London around 1610, he spent the remainder of his life in stratford upon Avons largest house-New House- Which he had purchased as a family home in 1597. -
Petition of Rights
The Petition of Right of 1628 is one of England's most famous Constitutional documents. It was written by Parliament as an objection to an overreach of authority by King Charles I. During his reign, English Citizens saw this overreach of authority as a major infringement on their cicil rights.
No tastes could be levied with out Parliament's consent
No english subjects could be imprisoned with out cause
No quartering of soldiers in citizens homes
No martial law may be used in peacetime -
King Charles the First Executed
In London, King Charles I is beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father, King James I. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French Princess. He later responded to political opposition to his rule by dissolving Parliament on several occasions and in 1629 decided to rule entirely without Parliament. -
Period: to
Opium War
The Opium Was arose from China's attempts to suppress the opium trade. Foreign traders had been illegally exporting opium mainly from India to China since the 18th century,but that trade grew dramatically from about 1820. the resulting widespread addiction in China was causing serious social and economic disruption there. In March 1839 the Chinese government confiscated and destroyed more than 20,000 chest of opium some 1,400 tons of the drug that were warehoused at Canton by British merchants.
