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Reached Britain
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Converted from Hunter Gatherers
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Arrived from Northern Italy
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Arrived from Northern Italy
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Celts and Romans in the South now unprotected from Picts and Irish Celts due to lack of Roman Troops
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Led by Hengest and Horsa they arrive, drive the invading Goidelic Celts away to the West and settle in the South.
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St. Columba starts Converting Scotland.
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St. Augustine starts Converting the South of Britain
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Through his wife Ethelberga.
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Edwin's Pagan Cousin
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Spreads Christianity even further. He was converted by Irish which clashed with the Roman Christianity.
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-Educated by Theodore and Hadrian.
-From a noble Family, related to kings of Wessex.
-Abbot, Bishop, Scholar, Poet
-De Laude Virginitates
-Wrote Poetry in English? -
His Brother. He marries the Roman Christian Eanfled of Kent (and daughter of Edwin)
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Choice between following Rome or Irish Christian customs through: 1. Correct date for Easter, 2. Tonsure (religious hairdo). Outcome in favour of Roman to strengthen ties with mainland Europe.
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-Entered monastery at age of 7
-Prolific writer and polymath
-Historiography (Historia ecclestiastica gentis Anglorum)
-Hagiography, Theology, Computus, Natural sciences.
-Poetry, Orthography, etc.
-Very influential, still read today. -
Theodore of Tarsus, the Archbishop of Canterbury (669-690) and Hadrian, abbot of St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury (669-710) founded this school to teach students the holy scriptures, poetry, astronomy and the calculation of the church calendar.
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First appeared in Latin in Bede's Ecclesiastical History.
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-Leading Scholar at the court of Charlemagne
-Advisor to Charlemagne
- Writer and polymath: Grammar, Mathematics, Orthography, Poetry, etc.
- "Quid enim Hinieldus cum Christo?"
~From a Letter to Bishop Higbald of Lindisfarne (797) -
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Viking Raid on the Church at Lindisfarne
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At the age of four. He was made a Consul there.
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These Danes set up winter camp and the locals made peace with them by giving them horses. They intended to conquer all four kingdoms that constituted Anglo-Saxon England in 865
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in East Anglia
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Oldest daughter of King Alfred. Married to ÆÞelred of Mercia, who dies in 911. She becomes ruler of Mercia.
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Succesful Skirmish for Alfred in Berskshire.
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Stops vikings advancing. Promotes learning by having important works translated into English. Extensive Military, Social and Political Reform.
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Severe defeat for Ælfred
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Anglo-Saxon Victory, Ælfred is credited.
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Saxons are defeated
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Ælfred is defeated.
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All others have fallen to the vikings.
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A royal stronghold, King Ælfred flees to Athelney through the marshes of Somerset
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After the battle Viking Leader Guthum is baptised as a part of the "deal" with king Ælfred and forced to agree to the Treaty of Wedmore.
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Peace settlement with the Viking leader Guthrum. Ælfred succeeds Ceolwulf's kingdom (Western Mercia). Vikings settle north of Watling Street, into an enlarged kingdom of East Anglia; the Danelaw area
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A Biography of king Ælfred the Great.
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Unites England and Subdues North Britain. First King of England.
ruled 924 - 939. -
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Edward later intervenes and takes personal control
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ÆÞelstan defeats combined army of Vikings, Dublin Vikings and Scots (Strathclyde).
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Power shifts to the monasteries. Men and Women now have seperated monateries. Regular Clergy rises.
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- Monk and later Abbot of Eynsham
- Sermons and Religious Doctrine
- Natural Science
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As King of Denmark
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Reform of Monastic Life, Revival of Learning, English used as a language of Learning.
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Contains Riddels, Wisdom Poetry and Elegies.
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As King of Norway
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- Natural Sciences
- Manual (Enchiridion), a scientific textbook
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Dated: second half of the 10th Century.
Main contents: Dream of the Rood, Homilies, Hagiographical texts. -
"The Unready"
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ÆÞelraed antagonises Anglo-Saxons and pays Danegold
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Reigned 1016 - 1035.
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Harald & Swein are Christian (at least in name)
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-Junius Manuscript
-Vercelli Book
-Exeter Book
-Beowulf Manuscript -
ÆÞelraed antagonises Vikings
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He reigns until his death in 1035
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- Advisor to king Cnut
- State Administration
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Dated: Early 11th Century
Main Contents: Genesis, Exodus, Christ and Satan -
Dated: Early 11th Century.
Main Contents: Wonders of the East, Beowulf, Judith -
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Three claimants to the throne; Harold Godwinson (his brother in law, supported by AS), King Harald Hardrada of Norway (Viking Support) and Duke William of Normandy (Promised Kingship by Edward himself)
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Harold Hardrada loses, Harold Godwinson Wins.
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Harold Godwinson loses; William of Normandy wins. Harold had the High Ground but his infantry couldn't beat William's archers & Cavalry and can't penetrate their Shield Wall. Harold presumably killed by arrow to the eyeball.
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-Antiquarian and Bibliophile.
-Purchased and preserved old manuscripts in his Ashburnam House.
-His collection became the basis for the British Library. -
Sir Robert Burce Cotton's Ashburnam House burns down. 1/4 of all manuscripts are destroyed. The original of "the battle of Maldon" is destroyed but a transcript survived.