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Evidence of overgrazing of cattle, on the land which is now the Sahara Desert, has been dated to about 8000 BCE. This evidence, along with artifacts discovered, points to a thriving agricultural civilization in the region at that time.
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Hunter-gathering nomads sought the cool of the water source of the Nile River Valley and began to settle there sometime prior to 6000 BCE. Organized farming began in the region c. 6000 BCE and communities began to flourish alongside the river. Industry developed at about this same time dating to c. 5500 BCE. The written history of the land begins at some point between 3400 and 3200 BCE when hieroglyphic script is developed. By 3500 BCE mummification of the dead was in practice.
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An Egyptian polymath (a person expert in many areas of learning) best known as the architect of King Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara. His name means "He Who Comes in Peace" and he is the only Egyptian besides Amenhotep to be fully deified, becoming the god of wisdom and medicine (or, according to some sources, god of science, medicine, and architecture).
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Under King Djoser's reign (c. 2670 BCE), built by the king's vizier and chief architect, Imhotep, the Step Pyramid is the oldest known pyramid in Egypt and was built around 2630 B.C. at Saqqara.
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Invasion by the Hyksos, the Semitic group
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Named for the collector who purchased it from an antiquities dealer in 1862 CE, it is a copy of an Egyptian medical text, considered to have been written by Imhotep, which contains almost 100 anatomical terms and describes 48 injuries and their treatment. The most interesting aspect of the work is the modern approach it has to treating injuries. Every injury is described and diagnosed rationally with a following treatment, prognosis, and explanatory notes; opposed to a religious nature.
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Begins the 24th Dynasty
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