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The first Persian invasion of Greece, during the Persian Wars, began in 492 BC, and ended with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.
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It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes.
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The Battle of Salamis was a naval battle between the Greek city-states and Persia, fought in September, 480 BC in the straits between Piraeus and Salamis, a small island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, Greece.
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Thermopylae is a mountain pass near the sea in northern Greece which was the site of several battles in antiquity, the most famous being that between Persians and Greeks in August 480 BCE.
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rare example of an Athenian victory on land over a force that contained Spartan troops.
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In 429 Pericles’ two legitimate sons died of the plague. A few months later, Pericles himself succumbed. the golden age slid away.
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By the 450's it was clear that the international politics of Greek city-states was dominated by Athens and Sparta.
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Slowly the Athenians began to starve, as the Spartans stopped their food ships from getting through. By 404 BC, with many Athenians already dead of starvation, the Athenians surrendered unconditionally