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The first settlers arrived in the Nile valley around 7500 BCE.At the time the valley was much greener and wetter at the time. They ate wild plants and anilmals. When it got hotter they moved closer to the banks.
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At the time (3200BCE) the kings increaced trade and distributed food throughout Eygpt. They nedded a way to communicate and keep records, so they used Hieroglyphics a laguage made of symbols. They were able to pass on knowledge, history and beliefs by writting on tomb walls and on special paper scrolls made form papyrus plant.
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King Narmer was the first egyptian pharoh who ruled over upper and lower egypt from 1950BCE. He bulit the city of Memphis and made it the capital. He began the era of Kings and Queens in his family.
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The first pyramid was The Step Pyramid in Saqqara. It was built with sandstone in around 2650 BCE. Which they put the mummifyied pharoh with all his riches and he would be protected in the afterlife.
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The giza pyramids were built around 2555-2450BCE, it was bulit for the Kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. It was build across from the nile river and the largest Pyramid stands at 146m tall and 200m in length.
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Magical Spells were discovered and written on the walls of the King Unas' Pyramid around 2335 BCE. These spells would protect the dead king. Which gave historians a insight into what the Eqyptians believed in.
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From 1593 untill 1069BCE, Eygptians kings decided to build their elaborate tombs in the Valley of The Kings. So far 63 tombs have been discovered which have been looted by tomb-robbers. Still to this day people vist the tombs of Ramesses II and Tutankhamen.
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These treasures belonged to kings of the 21st Dynasty. It is now in the Cairo Museum and was found in the tombs at Tanis in 1939-1940 BCE.
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In 332BCE Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and was hailed as Pharaoh of the Egyptians. He made Alexandria the Capital but when he died his close friend General Ptolemy took over.
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The Rosseta Stone is a slab of stobe that provided the key to decipherig acient hieroglyphics. It was carved in 196BCE and was found in 1799 by French soliders.
