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The Roman provinces were replaced by Small Germanic Kingdoms. Small communities are governed with unwritten rules and traditions. Also, family ties and personal loyalty rather than citizenship and written laws have been what they focus on.
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The Germans had brought many changes to the empire like government, culture, and language. The German forces ended up invading the Wester Empire.
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The timespan in which the European history took place. The reniassance period.
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The Franks were united which is a modern day France. The leader, Clovis, sent out missionaries to spread the Christian religion around the kingdom.
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Verrnacular was where common languages were developed. The common romance languages are Spanish, French, and Latin. People now started writing books because of the common language.
http://ac-support.europe.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/vernacular.htm -
The Carolingian Dynasty was a French family. The dynasty was founded by Charlemanges father.
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Pepin began the reign of the Frankish rulers. He was the first king of the Franks
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The Battle of Hastings was between the Normans and the Saxons. William was battling over the throne of England.
http://www.britishbattles.com/norman-conquest/battle-hastings.htm -
The lay investitiure was a ceremony in which kings and nobles are are appointed church officials. Pope Gregory bannned the lay investiture because he did not like that bishops were under the power of any king.
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Henry journeyed through the cold snowy alps to Italy. When he got there he met Pope Gregory and asked him for forgiveness. The Pope had given him that forgiveness.
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The crusades was a time period where many holy wars took place. There were up to 9 crusades in all.
http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/events-timelines/22-the-crusades-timeline.htm -
The first crusade established a new kingdom called The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. It gained more land for the knights.
http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-crusades.htm -
The representitives of the church and the emperor met in German city of Worms. They each compromised on Concordat of Worms. Which means the Church could grant a bishop his ring and staff. The emperor had to veto power to prevent the appointment of a bishop.
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The Battle of Legnano was between the Lombared League and Fredrick's army. The Lombard League ended up defeating Fredrick's army for the first timein history
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The Magna Carta guarenteed a certain basic political rights including the taxation without representation.
http://www.constitution.org/eng/magnacar.htm -
In this crusade Constantiople was looted. Because of that, Constantiople had lost a lot of strength.
http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-fourth-crusade.htm -
The parliament was split into two houses; the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
http://www.answers.com/topic/parliament-british -
The Hundreds Year's War was a time period where France and England were constantly fighting. France and England were fighting due to the king of England, who was a son of a French princess, claimed to rule France also.
http://www.essortment.com/information-hundred-years-war-21588.html -
In the early 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China. The bubonic plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people. Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly.
http://www.themiddleages.net/plague.html
http://www.themiddleages.net/plague.html -
The Great Schism was a split between the Eastern and Western churches.
http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-great-schism.htm -
Joan of arc was given a army in her hands to handle. With that army there were many military successes before she was captured.
http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=295 -
The Cannon law was the law of the church. It involved manners of marriage and religious practices.The church established courts to try people accused to violating the law.
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Charlemagne traveled to Rome to take care of problems with the church. While he was there he was crowned emperor by the pope putting a gold crown on his head.
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Otto was crowned king in 936. His nickname was Otto the Great. Otto was like a mini Charlemagne, He formed a close relationship with the church.
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Charlemagne was crowned king of Western Roman Empire. He reunited the empire himself.
