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Around 1700 B.C., a system of beliefs called Judaism arose among the Israelites, a nomadic people of the Middle East.
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In 509 B.C., the Romans overthrew their king and set up a republic, or a form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them.
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The Hohokam dug irrigation canals in the deserts of present day Arizona. They were highly skilled farmers.
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Between A.D. 250 and A.D. 900, the Mayans lived in what is now Mexico and Central America. These cities contained large public plazas lined with pyramids, temples, ball courts, and palaces
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After a period of decline, the Roman Empire fell to invaders in A.D. 476. Because of this, Europe fragmented into many small states.
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Islam emerged on the Arabian Peninsula in the 600's. Its founder was the prophet Muhammad.
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About A.D. 1000 trade centers began to appear in Eastern Africa. Traders passing through had to pay taxes on their goods
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In 1095, the leader of the Roman Catholic church, Pope Urban II, declared a Crusade, or a Holy War.
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By 1300, the Anasizis had abandoned their cliff dwellings. They also engaged in trade and made baskets, pottery, and jewelry.
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Chinese ships were sailing trade routes that stretched from Japan to East Africa.They traded silks and pottery for spices, gems, medicinal herbs, and ivory
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Zimbabwe was the most powerful trade center in the 1400's, which became the center of a flourishing empire.
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During the 1400's and 1500's Aztecs brought half of modern-day Mexico under their control. They proved to be harsh rulers by forcing conquered tribes to send treasure, food, and prisoners to the Aztec capital
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In the 1400's and 1500's, the largest empire was the vast empire of the Incas. Their empire stretched down the coast of South America along the Andes, across the Atacama desert, and reached the fringes of the Amazon rain forest.
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By the 1500's, a complex trade network, called the Muslim Link in Trade, linked Europe, Africa, and Asia.
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In 1517, a German Munk named Martin Luther demanded that the Roman Catholic church reform. When his demands were rejected, Luther rebelled against the Catholic Church authority.
