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When the Europeans started to try and take over they traded with the Africans. Europeans had better technology and the Africans had more resources.
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The Sepoys would not use their weapons because there was a rumor that they had meat on the tip of the gun which they had to bite off. They went into a rebellion and the British got mad and made a Raj against them.
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Muhammad Ali's son took over to build the Suez Canal. The French provided the money. The Egyptians could not pay their debt so the British took over and controlled the Suez Canal.
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14 of the European nations joined together at the Berlin Conference from 1884-85. This meeting was to decide how to divide up Africa. In the end only Ethiopia and Liberia were still free.
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Queen Liliuokalani made a new constition and was the last monarch of hawaii before businessman over-ruled her.
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The Ethiopians defeated the Italians so their nation could be independent. They then stocked up on weapons incase there was another battle against the Europeans.
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The U.S. attacked the Philipine Islands which were controlled by the Spanish. Eventually the Spanish army collapsed and the U.S. won.
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This war was between the Boers and the British. The British imprisoned their wives and children and put them in camps. Eventually Britain won and the made a self-governing Union of South Africa that they controlled.
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At this time the majority of Africa was controlled by the Europeans except for Liberia and Ethiopia.