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A Portuguese navigator who officially discovered Brazil. He embarked on his exploration with 13 ships and 1500 men. When he and his crew reached Brazil they believed it was an island.
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Michelangelo returns to his native Florence to begin work on the statue David.
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Leonardo da Vinci begins painting his famous art work during the Italian Renaissance. He finished it within the next three to four years.
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Spain defeats France at this battle. It is considered to be the first battle in history won by gunpowder small arms.
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He joined the friars in 1505. After only nine months, he was ordained and took his final vows. Today, it takes most priests nine years before they are ordained. Luther showed a lot of progress, and after he studied for a year and a half he was promoted to professor.
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He was born on April 7, 1506, in Navarre Spain. He was an important person, because he helped to establish Chritianity in India, Sri Lanka, and Japan. He tried to go to China, but ended up dieing on the way. He also became one of the first seven people to join the Society of Jesus.
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The new basilica's buidin process began when Julius II laid the forst stone. The design for the basilica came from Donato Bramante. When he died, Leo X appointed other architects. Eventually, Michaelangelo was made the chief architect.
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At least two thousand converted Jews are massacred in a Lisbon riot.
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First recorded outbreak of smallpox in the New World occurred in Hispaniola. It killed off the native Taíno people. Smallpox is a contagious disease. It causes fevers and small blisters or pimples to be on the skin, which usually leave permanent scars.
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The Battle of Diu was crucial for the Portuguese to win because it would allow them to control the Indian Ocean, which meant that they would also be able to dominant trade.
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John Calvin was born on July 10, 1509, in Noyon, France. He studied for a career in the Church at the University of Paris and at the University of New Orleans. John Clavin's teachings: All authority is contained in the Scriptures (not humans), human freedom doesn't have the power to do good works, man can't gain merit through good works, none of the sacraments give grace, and human nature is totally corrupt and rotten.
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Commentarioulus ("Little Commentary") was Nicholas Copernicus's first version of his heliocentric theory about the universe. The commentary was a forty page outline, which contained Copernicus's idea about the sun being at the center of the universe.
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The Concordat of Bologna led the King of France to assume more power over the Church.
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Martin Luther's 95 Theses was nailed to the door of the Church at Wittenburg in Germany on October 31, 1517. None of these were directly heretical but they do undermine the teaching authority of the Church. The 95 Theses argued against indulgences and the sale of indulgences.
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A Spanish expedition was commanded by Magellan and Elcano. 5 ships and 237 men set out to circumnavigate the Earth. Magellan didn't complete the voyage becasue he died in a battle in the Phillipeans. Of the 237 people who embarked on the journey, 18 returned to Spain in 1522 led by Elcano. Few other survivors did return at a later time to Spain.
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Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Phillipines on March 16, 1521. The Phillipines were then claimed by him for Spain and became a prospering Spanish country
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Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici was born on December 11, 1475. On March 11, 1513, he was made Pope Leo X. One thing he did as pope is when he sent Martin Luther a papal bull or an official letter that said Luther would have to retract his position in two months or he would be excommunicated. Luther then burnt the bull in public. Pope Leo X died in Rome on December 1, 1521.
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300,000 peasant insurgents and 100,000 deaths. Motivated largely by social discontent as a result of increasing economic inequality at a time when the Feudal system was ending. Another reason was because of religious differences.
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First European to explore the Atlantic Coast of North America between South Carolina and Newfoundland. Explored because the King of France wanted to claim new land. First man to set foot in the New York Harbor.
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They captured Francis I. Left the French army broken from the major defeat.
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Rome suffered the worst assult that it had ever known. Various cardinals and prelates were tortured and humiliated, altars were ransacked, the Sistine Chapel was used as a stable, riches confiscated, patients in hospitals and children in orphanages were butchered. End of renaissance and the beginning of the Catholic Reformation.
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On September 13, 1527, the Protestant Reformation began.
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England broke away from the Church, because King Henry VIII wanted a male heir. Anyone who remained Catholic was imprisoned.
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Our Lady of Guadalupe appeared to St. Juan Diego. She left her image on his tilma and it still resides in Mexico today. At a time when millions were leaving the Church in Europe, this miracle brought many of the native people into the Church.
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War of the two brothers. Huascar and Atahualpa were sons of the King and fought over the empire. Atahulpa won the Battle. Right after the war was over the Spanish invaded.
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Safavid War was fought betweem Suleiman the Magnificent and Tahmasp I. War was caused by territorial disputes. After three campaigns by Suileman it ended in an agreement. Ottomans kept Baghdad, Mesopotamia, mouths of the Euphrates and the Tigris, and part of the Persian Gulf coast in the Peace of Amasya
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The pope died on September 25, 1534.
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Discovered by Francisco de Orellana. He gave the river its name after reporting pitched battles with tribes of female warriors, whom he likened to the Amazons of Greek mythology.
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Gigantic frescoe is among the greatest achievements of Western painting. This frescoe was painted in the Sistine Chapel on the altar wall for Pope Paul III.
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Begins after Portugese traders make contact with Japan.
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Pope Paul III became pope in 1534. He called the Council of Trent, which began on December 13, 1545, and eventually ended in 1563. Within these eighteen years, there were twenty five sessions and three popes. The councils met in congregations and included lay men and theologians. The final decisions were lastly sent to the pope for approval. This council was important because it help to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in parts of Europe.
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Firearms are used for the first time on the battlefield in Japan.
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Led by Altan Khan, the mongols seige Beijing.
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In 1527, Henry wanted to get an annulment from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. She and Henry had a daughter, but Henry wanted to have a male heir. Henry appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury. He then had Cranmer marry him to Anne Boleyn, who was pregnant at the time. Henry hoped she would provide him a son.
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Mary was the daughter of Catherine and Henry VIII. She wanted to restore England. In 1554, England was reunited with Rome. During this time, about 300 heretics were burned at the stake, which gave Mary the name Bloody Mary.
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In China, history's deadliest known earthquake.
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First sovereign nation to declare banckruptcy under Phillip II.
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Between Catholics and Huguenots.
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He was elected Pope in 1566. He was also a fromer Dominican monk and cotinued to live a religious life after he became the pope. Pope St. Pius V also lived in a cell while Pope.
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Pope Gregory VIII issues the Gregorian Calendar.
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A power shift in the government of Japan occurred, which led the Church to become outlawed and persecuted.
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Ends French Wars of Religion.
