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432-Saint Patrick of Britain converted Ireland. It became a church government, administered through bishops.
500-an Irish monk, Saint columba, brought faith to west Scotland
617-Oswald of Northumbria became a Christian in Ireland.
700- most of Britain converted to Celtic or Roman christianity
The rivalry between paganism vs christianity was replaced by a rivalry between the 2 forms of Christianity, Celt vs Roman -
Dominant Nordic tribes. Angles, Saxons, Jutes. Help the Britons against the Picts and Scots from the North.
Replacement of the Roman Celtic culture . More primitive, not Christian -
KENT(jutes), ESSEX, SUSSEX, WESSEX (Saxons), EAST ANGLIA, MERCIA, NORTHUMBRIA (Angles).
Kent 1st dominant kingdom under King Ethelbert (552-616)
Mercia superseded in 632.
Northumbria succeded Kent 700 -
King Oswy of Northumbria with a divided church in his kingdom, decided in favour of the Roman communion. The Celtic churchmen gradually withdrew to Iona.
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Venerable Bede, is an example of the scholarship, He is known as the Father of The Englsh History.
Christianity brought Britain back into the mainstream of western civilization. -
Last of Mercian overlords. Conquered Wessex. Established supremacy over all England. 1st overlord of the whole of the land of the English.
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The Saxon witan selected Canute, son of Swein, king of England.
1035- he converted himself to Christianity and won the support of the church.
1035- he was succeeded by his two sons Harold and Harthacnut,but they were not able to win the allegiance with Scandinavia. -
Canute´s line ended. The Witan turned back to the Royal family of Wessex, elected Edward, son of Ethelred to the throne.
With this reign Anglo-Saxon England shifted its centuries of association from the Germanic and Scandinavian world to the Normans on the French coast.
Edward the confessor, half Norman by birth, brought with him ideas and friends from Normandy. -
Godwin, earl of Wessex, led the protest and survived banishment to become the leading English heir to the throne.
1053- He died, his four sons dominated royal politics as Edward became more of a recluse.
Harold, the most powerful of his sons, succeeded his father as earl of Wessex.
Although, Edward preferred William of Normandy as his successor he reluctantly named Harold. The witan confirmed Harold upon the death of Edward.
The foremost challenger was William of Normandy -
Theodore of Tarsus became a new Archbishop. He set up and established schools in England, provided a moral leadership and dissemination of culture as well as scholarly achievements.
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Norsemen or Vikings from Scandinavia attacks the Bristish Isles.
By the year 870-only Wessex remained free od Danish control. -
The youngest son of King Ethelwulf succeeded his brother, Ethelred, as King of Wessex. He halted the Danish advance. The Danes organized the rest of England.
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Wessex was finally overrun by the Danes.
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The treaty of peace of Chippenham imposed two demands on the Danes. Their leader, Guthrum, must accept baptism as a Christian and the Danes must leave Wessex.
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878- Alfred built England´s first navy. 886- After seizing London Alfred was recognized as not only king of Wessex but King of all England
886- He concluded the Treaty of Wedmore with Guthrum which defined the boundary between the Danish and English authority. -
After Alfred´s death The second Danish invasion took place
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Alfred the Great´s son, Edward the elder succeeded him in the throne.
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Edward´s son, Aethelstan, defeated the Scots and Picts, recovered the Danelaw. His ruling was outstanding.
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King Edgar the peaceful of Wessex brought power and prosperity. He was recognized as overload by the Celtic King however, after his death decline was rapid.
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978-1016 Edgar´s second son, Ethelred the unready, a total disaster, erratic, cruel, lazy unprepared to defend England against the Danish invasion.
991- He tried to buy off the Danes with a payment of Danegeld
1003- He ordered a massacre of all danes and brought bloody retribution
1016- he died and his son Edmund Ironside, too. England was left wihout a leader
