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A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. -
The French economy was in deep trouble. Bad harvests in 1787 and 1788, and a slowdown in manufacturing led to food shortages, rising prices for food and unemployment. -
To became a Constitutional Monarchy they used the National Constituent Assembly. -
The financial crisis was caused by the monarchy’s lack of money. Louis XVI’s minister proposed that the privileged begin to pay taxes. The economic crisis was the result of a series of poor harvests since 1760. -
Many people opposed the dictatorial government, and a coup ended the Jacobin government. Robespierre and other Jacobin leaders were executed by guillotine. -
Women are prohibited from attending political assemblies and from gathering in the street in numbers greater than five. -
Napoleon began his conquest of Europe. -
Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned emperor by the Pope. -
French invaded Spain and Joseph Bonaparte was made king. -
In October 1815, Napoleon was exiled to the remote, British-held island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean. -
Which ended the restoration of Absolutism. The movement began in France when Charles X was overthrown in July. Louis Philippe I became the new constitutional monarch. There was unrest in the streets of some major cities, such as in Paris. -
Tsarist army suppressed the autocratic rule of the Russian Empire. -
This revolution represented democratic ideals and the political importance of workers. It showed how the countries under the control of empires wanted to pursue the idea of nationalism and the creation of new liberal governments. In France, a popular uprising proclaimed the Second Republic.