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Toussaint Louverture
The leader of the Haitian Revolution. -
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Reign of King Louis XVI
King of France and Navarre from 1775 until 1791, after which he was subsequently King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before his deposition and execution during the French Revolution. -
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American Revolution
First began as a war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, but gradually grew into a world war between Britain and the United States. -
Spinning Mule Developed
A machine used to spin cotton and other fibres. -
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Simon Bolivar
A Venezuelan military and political leader. -
James Watt Perfects Steam Engine
The first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. -
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French Revolution
A period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had a lasting impact on French history and more broadly throughout Europe. -
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Hatian Revolution
A slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. -
Cotton Gin Developed
A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. -
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Reign of Napoleon
Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. -
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Wars of Independence in Latin America
the various revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. -
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Congress of Vienna
a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815. -
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Opium War
Divided into the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860. These were the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. -
Communist Manifesto Published
A short 1848 publication written by the political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It has since been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. -
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Unification of Italy
the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. -
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Taiping Rebellion
A massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. -
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Unification of Gernamy
Caused Germany to be politically and administratively integrated nation state -
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Crimean War
A conflict between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. -
Bessemer Process Developed
The first industrial process for the mass prodction of steel. -
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Sepoy Rebellion
The rebellion posed a considerable threat to Company power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. -
Origin of the Species Published
A work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
Suez Canal
An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
The first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. The reform, together with a related reform in 1861, amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire. In some of its parts, the serfdom was abolished earlier. -
Meji Restoration
A chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath. -
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Boer War
Two wars fought by the British Empire against the Dutch Settler of two independent Boer republics. -
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Berlin Conference
From November 1884 to February 1885, European countries met in Berlin to divide Africa among themselves to colonize the continent. -
Indian National Congress Founded
Founded by members of the occultist movement Theosophical Society, the Indian National Congress became a pivotal participant in the Indian Independence Movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants in its struggle against British colonial rule in India. -
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Russo-Japanese War
Started because of the rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden; and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. -
All-India Muslim League Founded
Formed orginally provide modern education for Muslims. -
Henry Ford and the Assembly Line
a manufacturing process in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added to a product in a sequential manner to create a finished product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods. -
Panama Canal
A 48-mile ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. -
Boxer Rebellion
An anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China.