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Toussaint Louverture
Leader of the Haitian revolution. His military genius led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people. -
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Reign of King Louis XVI
He assumed the throne in 1775 when he was 22 years old. He attempted to gain popular support by recalling the exiled members of the Parliament of Paris. He was also executed by Parisians in 1793 by the guillotine. -
Watt's Steam Engine
Improved and developed original idea by using cold water and increasing power of engine to push pistons, increased fuel efficiency, -
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Reign of Napoleon
Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. -
Spinning Mule Developed
Samuel Crompton produced his Spinning Mule, name this because it was a hybrid that combined features of two earlier inventions, the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame. The mule produced a strong, fine and soft yarn which could be used in all kinds of textiles, but was particularly suited to the production of muslins. -
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American Revolution
13 colonies come together to defeat British rule, Provincial congresses established, Second Continental Congress formed to defend USA from Britain and claim independence, Declaration of Indepence marks victory(rejecting British monarchy). -
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Simon Bolivar
He was a Venezuelan military and political leader. Bolívar played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, and is today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas. -
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French Revolution
French Monarchy replaced with democratic republic, social changes due to- enlightenment, rights of citizens. Became more authoritarian, militaristic and property-based. Resulted in the rise of Napoleon. -
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Haitian Revolution
It was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. The mulatto descendants became the elite in Haiti after the revolution. -
The Cotton Gin
In 1793 the American Eli Whitney patented his cotton gin, a device that separated the bolls or seedpods from the fibers and made cotton growing a economical product. -
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Wars of Independence in Latin America
The Independence movement in Latin America, which had been an issue since the United States broke away from Great Britain in 1776, really shwoed around 1810. Spain's Empire in the New World crumbled, and by 1825 all that remained were a few islands in the Caribbean. -
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Congress of Vienna
A conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna. Its objective was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. -
Communist Manifesto Published
A short 1848 book written by the German Marxist political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It has since gone down in history as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. -
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Opium War
Fought between Great Britain and Qing Dynasty of China over conflicting viewpoints on trade and diplomatic relations. British naval forces attacked China after China closed off drug trade, Resulted in British Victory with the Treaty of Nanking- Britain gained most favored nation status and opening of Chinese ports. -
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Taiping Revolution
Widespread Civil War in Southern China led by Heterodox Christian xiuquan, deadliest military conflicts in history, Qing prevail, fall of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, weakening of Qing. -
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Crimean War
Conflict Between the Russian and ottoman empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. -
Bessemer Process Developed
It was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass- production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. -
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Sepoy Rebellion
Started by mutiny of sepoys, erupted into rebellion, collapse of Mughal Empire, end of company rule, India taken over by British Crown. -
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Suez Canal
Ship canal dug across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. -
Origin of the Species Published
A work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin. This work is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
Unification of Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour, and Victor Emmanuel II all work to make this happen. Garibaldi had driven Spain away from Sicily and Cavour had removed Austrian influence from much of Italy. Victor Emmanuel II was chosen to be king of the new united kingdom of Italy. (Form of nationalism) -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
Serfs granted full rights as free citizens, during reign of Alexander II. -
Meiji Restoration
Restored imperial rule to Japan, changes in political and social structures. -
Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismarck won Franco-Prussian War which allowed him to consolidate the German Catholic regions under Prussian control. He then crowned King William I as the new emperor of the region. Germany began to industrializ and become a strong economic and politcal power in the world. This event allowed Germany to emerge as a world power. -
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Boer War
A war fought between Britain and the South African Boers, when the Boers attempted to regain the independence given up for British and against the Zulus -
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Berlin Conference
Meeting at the Berlin residence of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the foreign ministers of fourteen European powers and the United States established ground rules for the future exploitation of the "dark continent." Africans were not invited, or able to vote on their descisions. -
Indian National Congress founded
The Indian National Congress is the self-proclaimed largest and oldest democratic organization in the world. Since its inception in 1885, it has been responsible for many of the drastic changes in Indian politics. So much so that leaders like Mahatma Gandhi who rose out of it succeeded in not only seeing changes in their country but in the entire world. -
Boxer Rebellion
A Chinese secret society, The Righteous Fists, rose up with the encouragement for the Empress Dowager Cixi & attacked foreigners & their establishments. -
Russo-Japanese War
It was "the first great war of the 20th century. It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden; and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. -
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Panama Canal
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All-India Muslim League founded
A group of nationalist Muslim leaders gathered in Dhaka, India and proposed a Muslim political association with three aims. These aims were to protect Muslim interests, to counter Congress influences, and to support the British administration. -
Henry Ford and the Assembly Line
For the first time, Henry Ford's entire Highland Park, Michigan automobile factory is run on a continuously moving assembly line when the automobile's frame is assembled using the revolutionary industrial technique. A motor and rope pulled the chassis past workers and parts on the factory floor, cutting the man-hours required to complete one Model T from 12-1/2 hours to six.
