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Nov 17, 1299
Ottman Empire
A state founded by Turkish tribes under Osman Bay in north-western Anatolia. They government was a caliphate government ruled by Akbar. The empire had a strong and well-organized government. The economy was based on trade and commerce, especially in Constinople which is the center of trade and commerce. The empire's main religious is Islamic faith. The empire consited of four social classes: Men of Pen-highly educated, Men of the Sword-military, Men of Negotation-merchants, Men of Husbandry-farm -
Jan 1, 1375
Songhai Empire
Also known as the Songhay Empire, was a state located in Western Africa.
One of the most largest Islamic empires.
The empire was ruled by a monarchy named Sonni Ali which established an organized central government.
The empire's main religion is Islam.
Primary to the economic foundation of the empire were the gold fields of the Niger River.
The social structure was based on there tribe.
This empire was mostly base on trade. -
Mar 4, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator
An important explorer and navigator of early days of the Portuguese Empire.
Born in Portugal, Porto.
The inventer of the Carnaval
His purpose of his expeditions was not only finding a sea route to India, it was also to be part of the West-African trade -
Jan 1, 1398
Moctezma
He was the fifth Aztec emperor- king of Tenochtitlan.
Moctezma was born and raised in Tenochtitlan.
Moctezma was a proven military commander.
In 1458, he led an expedition into Mixtec territory against the city-state of Coixtlahuaca.
Moctezma was killed during the conquering of the Spanish. -
Jan 1, 1400
Beginning of Portuguese slave trade
In 1441, slaves were brought in Porugal for Henry the Navigator.
Africans were transported to Portugal anually.
Started not as a trans-Alantic trade but as an world wide trade
slaves were sold in city's markets.
1761, successive attempts were made to prohibit slavery in Portugal.
Brought prosperity in colonization -
Period: Aug 1, 1400 to
1450C.E.-1750C.E. Timeline
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Feb 3, 1451
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
The Conqueror of the Ottoman Empire,
He conquered Byzantine Constantinople in 1453 and rebuilt it into the prosperous Ottoman capital of Istanbul.
He extended the Ottoman control from southeastern Europe to the Danube and from Anatoliato the Euphrates river.
He was the seventh sultan in the Ottoman Dynasty.
He was mostly a succesful sultan. -
Jan 1, 1464
Riegn of Sunni Ali
He was born in Ali Kolon.
He was the founder and the first king of the Songhai Empire and the 15th ruler of Sunni Dynasty.
Ali was mostly a monarchy ruler which established an organized central government.
Ali, a military man, builded a well-organized army with strong infantry.
Ali created a well-known empire which extended to the Northern, Eastern, and Southern hemispheres. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
Born in Eisieben, Germany.
Martin Luther was a German monk, priest, professor of theology and an important figure of the Protestant Reformation.
He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money.
He raised the authority of the church, the authority of the Bible, the authority of tradition.
He was a well- known christian man. -
Aug 1, 1487
Dias' voyage into Indian Ocean
First European to go around the Cape of Good Hope on the Indian Ocean.
His voyage established a sea route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean and Asia.
He discovered what he called the Cape of Storms. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus' first voyage
Columbus was in command of three ships: The PInta, The Nina, and the Santa Maria.
His goal was to try to get to China and to explore the world.
He brougt 88 men with him.
Traveled all across the Atlantic Ocean.
This voyage nearly cost him his life when French privateers attacked his ship. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbian Exchange
A dramatically widespread exhchange of animals, plants, culture and human populations, slaves, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.(The Old World to the New World).
The Columbian Exchange was led by Christopher Columbus.
This was during Columbus' first voyage.
It was a cultural exchange; like the trading of religion and ideas. -
Jan 1, 1501
Safavid Empire
It covered all of Iran, and parts of Turkey and Georgia.
The Safavid Empire was a theocracy.
The official religion was Shi'a Islam.
The empire's economic strength came from its location on the trade routes.
The Empire made Iran a centre of art, architecture, poetry, and philosophy.
Women were not equal to men.
The social structure was king and royal class at the top and peasants at the bottom. -
Jul 10, 1509
John Calvin
Born in Noyon, France.
John Calvin was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.
He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology, later called Calvinism.
He was a well-respected Christian leader -
Nov 8, 1519
Spanish Conquest of Mexico
The spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
It was the first contact with Mexico, when explorer Francisco Fernandez de Cordoba landed on the Yucatan coast with his army.
This ended in 1521, when the Aztec capital surrendered to him. -
Sep 22, 1520
Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent
During his reign in the Ottoman Empire, the empire reached the apogee of its military and political power.
He is mostly remembered as a a fierce conqueror of the Islamic religion.
He strengthen his military which helped him during his reign.
By the end of his reign, the Ottoman Empire extended over a great portion of Europe, Asia, and Africa. -
Jan 1, 1526
Mughal Dynasty
The Mughal Dynasty was founded by a ruler named Babur.
The expanded economy needed urbanization and a fixed market.
Agriculture played an important role in Mughal society, but crops and techniques still remained largely uchanged.
The emperor was an autocrat and had unlimited freedom in making laws.
All officers were members of the Mughal army.
The social structure was the rich class, middle class, to the poor and non-wealthy class.
Islam is the official faith for the mughals. -
Dec 13, 1545
Council of Trent
The council of Trent played an important part in determining the outcome of the Counter-Reformation.
The council of Trent was called by Paul lll who was the pope , then disbanded in 1563.
The council had been called to examine doctrine and reform.
There were three sessions during the years of the Council of Trent. -
Jan 1, 1556
Riegn of Akbar
He was the third Islamic Mughal Emperor.
Akbar expanded the Mughal Empire to incorporate Northern India.
Akbar was an ambitious and noble commander who built the largest army ever in the history of the Mughal Empire in his reign.
Akbar's reign significantly influenced art and culture in the Empire.
He was unique for his cultural synthesis and for his religious authority. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei
An Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.
Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy.
Famous for creating the telescope to study the stars and planets.
Discovered various astronomical phenomena and physical principles.
Challenged the outdated view of the universe. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
It was a fuedal military dictatorship of Japan established by Tokugawa Leyasu and ruled by the continued Shoguns of the Tokugawa family.
This period is known as the Edo period.
It ruled from Edo castle until the meiji Restoration at which time the shoguns were displaced from power and reduced in rank to Ronin. -
Thirty Year's War
An European war that broke out between the catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his German Protestant states.
It developed into a struggle for continental hegemony with France, Sweden, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire as the major protagonists.
Disease and destruction had a great impact in the war.
It was ended by the treaty of Westphalia -
John Locke
Born in Wrington, Britian.
He was widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism.
One of the most influential of Enlightment thinkers.
An English philosopher and physician.
He influenced revolutions and he also influenced political thoughts.
In his last years, till 1700, Locke played an important role on serving in the Board of Trade and reviving it. -
Qing Dynasty
Qian Long was the emperor and it was founded by non-chinese people, the Manchus.
Neo-Confucianism was the dominant philosophy.
The Dynasty adopted many Buddhist and Taoist religious beliefs of the Han Chinese.
agriculture was based on international trade.
Goods were exported like textiles, tea, paper, sugar, and steel.
In the early years, their were almost no military conflicts witn foriegn powers or inside the empire, which results in a long period of peace and prosperity. -
Manchus Empire
Qian Long was the emperor of the Manchus Empire/Qing Dynasty.
The empire gained control over eastern Xinjiang after defeating the Dzungars in 1697.
Cultural attitudes were strongly conservative and Neo-Confucianism was the dominant philosophy.
Th empire porcelain, textiles, tea, paper, sugar, and steel were exported to all parts of the world.
The Manchu adopted many Buddhist and Taoist religious beliefs of the Han Chinese.
It was a period of peace and prosperity in the early years. -
Peter the Great
He Ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian and later the Russian Empire.
He introduced ideas from Western Europe to reform the government.
He extended his territories in the Baltic and founded St. Petersburg.
Increased the power of the monarchy at the expense of the nobles and the Orthodox Church.
As emperor of the Russian Empire, he died in 1725. -
England's Glorious Revolution
The events of the revolution were bloodless and the revolution settlement established the supremary of parliament over the crown.
This setting Britian on the path towards constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.
British causes over the revolution were much religious and political.
At the end of the revolution, resulted the deposing of King James ll and the establishment of William lll and Mary ll as joint monarchs. -
Russian Empire
It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the short-lived Russian Republic, which was in turn succeeded by the Soviet Union.
The Russian Empire was controlled by its emperor as an absolute monarch, under the system of tsarist autocracy.
The economy was a complicated hybrid of traditional peasant agriculture and modern industry.
The state religion was that of the Russian Orthodox Christianity.
Economic problems coupled with the end of the cold was the decline.
