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Charlemagne led the Franks, and was considered one of the greatest leaders of the middle ages. -
Gunpowder is invented, allowing for the creation of guns and fireworks. -
Charlemagne's kingdom was recognized by the Papacy as the largest kingdom since the Roman Empire -
30 years after his death, his empire splits. -
After this, the citizens of Rome promised never to elect another Pope without the approval of the imperial. -
Caused the great schism, splitting the catholic church at the time down the middle. -
Divided the Church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. -
Ended investiture struggle, but the Pope and the Emperor still did not get along. -
His vast empire is split among his many children and grandchildren. -
Osman I establishes the longest lasting Islamic Empire, which lasts over 600 years. -
Intense and turbulent power struggles within kingdoms and the papacy led to shifts in how the power worked, with Popes following leaders from kingdom to kingdom. The catholic church underwent a schism as well, dividing Catholics in half between an orthodoxy and catholicism.