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After Constatinople renamed the Greek city of Byzantium after himself, he made Constantinople the capitol of the Eastern Roman empire.
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Geremanic tribes such as the Franks dominate WesterN Europe, carving the region into small kingdoms.
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After the collapse of Rome, Westerb Europe entered a period of political, social, and economic decline. It was politically diivided, rural, and largely cut off from advanced civilizations in the Middle East.
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Justinian begins his rule of the Byzantine empire, and under his rule the empire reached it's peak.
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Riots and a devastating fire swept Constantinople. Many buildings were destroyed and many lives were lost. His great triumph was rebuilding the church if Hagia Sophia.
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As the Franks and other Germanic peoples carved up Europe, a new power was emerging across the Mediterranean. The religion of Islam began in Arabia. From there, Muslims created a new civilization and built a huge and expanding empire.
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When a Muslim army crossed into France. Christian warriors triumphed. In which the Christians Franks led by Charles Martel defeated the armies and stopped the Muslim advence into Europe. To them, the victory was a sign that God was on their side.
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Other controversies proviked a split between eatern and western Chhristianinty. The Byzantine became known as the Eatern Orthodox Church. The western branch became known as the Roman Catholic Church.
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The Byzantine emperor called for Western help to fight the Seljuks, whose attacks blocked the pilgrimage routes to Jerusalem. The result was the First Crusade.
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Ottoman forces surrpunded the city of Constantinople. After a seige lasting two months, the Turks stormed Constantinople's broken walls. The ancient city was renamed Istanbul and became the capitall of the Ottoman empire.
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Charlemagne died, then his son Louis took the throne. Charlemagne left a lasting legacy, he extended Christian civilization into northern Europe. Later, Louis' sons battled for power. Finally, in 843, Charlemagne's grandsons drew up the Treaty of Verdun, which split the empire into three regions.
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A new wave of nodamic people, the Magyars, settled in present-day Hungary. From there they overran eastern Europe and moved onto plunder Germany, parts of France, and Italy. Then, after 50 years, they were pushed back into Hungary.
