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-Known for its prolific trade networks, including a vast control of gold and salt, as well as advancements in education and the spread of Islam.
-Known for the ninth ruler, Mansa Musa, who was famous for his riches and contributions to the Islamic faith.
Contextualization:Trade was a major source of wealth and the empire controlled important trade routes across West Africa. Timbuktu became a center of learning and scholarship. Mansa Musa's hajj aided the spread the influence of the Empire. -
WHAP Theme: CDI
The modern era was marked by a wide range of interactions between people from different cultures and regions, including trade, migration, conquest, and cultural exchange. The Mali Empire was known for its extensive gold and salt networks and cultural developments through griots, and the Mughal Empire was characterized by rich cultural exchange between Hindus and Muslims. Empires like the British and Aztecs were built on the subjugation of the colonized and neighboring peoples. -
-Dominated northern Mexico at the time of Spanish conquest.
-Used the chinampa system of farming.
-Founded their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1325.
-Strict social hierarchy, with different classes. Heavily respected their elders and religious leaders.
Contextualization: The dominant empire that arose in central Mexico in the 14th century boasted impressive cities, a complex social structure, and advanced agriculture and engineering system, until it was defeated by conquistador Hernan Cortes. -
-Ended in World War 1, as it was disintegrated into various territories as a result of negotiations between Allied powers and nationalist movements.
-Istanbul and other major cities were seen as artistic hubs and great centers of science, medicine and technology.
CCOT: Growth. The Ottoman Empire experienced dramatic growth through their adoption of new military technologies, development of cultural foundations, and reformations, such as the Tanzimat reforms in the end of the empire's lifespan. -
-Muslim Dynasty who ruled over the majority of the Hindu population.
-Located at a core location for trade for the time, having access to Indian Ocean networks and the Silk Road. Exported rice, textiles, tobacco and metals.
-Mughal emperors contributed to Indian art, creating some of the greatest monuments and artworks.
CCOT: Religious tension. Akbar promoted tolerance while later emperors, like Aurangzeb, changed policy and imposed islamic rule, increasing tension and fracturing the empire. -
-Effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina, and Siam, using "Informal Empire" through its dominance in trade. Commanded overseas trade through the control of goods like sugar cane, tea, silk, cotton, and tobacco.
-Reached its greatest size in 1919 after the Treaty of Versailles with the capture of German territories in Africa and Samoa. Covered a quarter of Earth's land surface.
-Began its colonial mission with its first permanent settlement in Jamestown.